花环状结构突变体的筛选与鉴定

发布时间：2018-12-11 07:16

【摘要】：光合效率是影响水稻产量的主要因素。提高水稻的光合效率是选育新品种的首要目标之一。因此,为了实现水稻的超高产,应根据水稻的光合生理特征,增加水稻对光能的利用率。本研究内容主要分为四个实验阶段:第一阶段通过徒手切片筛选T-DNA标签水稻的类花环状结构突变体,找到水稻类花环状结构突变体,得到的水稻类花环状结构突变体通过石蜡切片进行再次确认。第二阶段是对得到的水稻类花环状结构突变体进行生理指标的比较,包括株高、穗长、千粒重的比较等。第三个阶段是对水稻类花环状结构突变体进行光合参数的测定,通过光合参数的比较分析得出该性状是否对光合有所影响。第四阶段则是对获得到的突变体进行插入位点侧翼序列分析。实验结果表明:通过筛选获得了水稻叶片小脉数增多、小脉数减少、维管束鞘细胞增多、维管束鞘细胞减少、泡状细胞增多等类型突变体,共获得了43突变体。对突变体的生理指标参数和光合参数进行进一步的研究与分析,表明水稻叶片的小脉数增多和维管束鞘细胞的增多对水稻的光合效率提高具有一定的影响,而其余的几种类型并没有显著的影响。对这五种突变体类型进行DNA提取,通过Tail-PCR分析,各得到一株叶片小脉数增多和维管束鞘细胞增多的突变体植株的侧翼序列,结果发现两者都插入到4号染色体上。
[Abstract]:Photosynthetic efficiency is the main factor affecting rice yield. Improving the photosynthetic efficiency of rice is one of the primary goals of breeding new varieties. Therefore, in order to achieve super high yield of rice, the utilization rate of light energy should be increased according to the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of rice. This study was divided into four experimental stages: in the first stage, the rosette like mutants of T-DNA tagged rice were screened by freehand sections, and the rosette like mutants were found. The obtained rice rosette-like mutant was reconfirmed by paraffin section. The second stage was to compare the physiological indexes of the rice rosette-like mutants, including plant height, ear length and 1000-grain weight. The third stage is to determine the photosynthetic parameters of rice rosette-like mutants, and to find out whether the characters have an effect on photosynthesis through the comparative analysis of photosynthetic parameters. The fourth stage is the flanking sequence analysis of the insertion site of the obtained mutants. The results showed that the number of small veins in rice leaves increased, the number of small veins decreased, the number of vascular bundle sheath cells increased, the number of vascular bundle sheath cells decreased, and the number of vesicular cells increased. A total of 43 mutants were obtained. The physiological parameters and photosynthetic parameters of the mutant were further studied and analyzed. The results showed that the increase of the number of small veins in rice leaves and the increase of vascular bundle sheath cells had a certain effect on the increase of photosynthetic efficiency of rice. The other types had no significant effect. The five mutants were extracted by DNA. By Tail-PCR analysis, the flanking sequences of one mutant with increased number of small veins in leaves and more vascular bundle sheath cells were obtained. The results showed that both of them were inserted into chromosome 4.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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