秸秆还田与投食对稻虾共作水质的影响

发布时间：2018-12-11 20:23

【摘要】：稻虾共作技术是以稻作水田为条件,是一种充分利用稻田资源的高效稻田复合种养模式。本试验基于稻虾生态系统,研究稻虾共育对水质的影响。通过优化氮磷肥施用,为改善水体理化性质、改进水肥管理措施提供科学依据。本实验于2015年和2016年在湖北省潜江市后湖管理区以中稻泰优390和克氏原螯虾为供试材料。在大田条件下设置了稻虾共作(RC)种养模式下秸秆还田不投食(SNF),秸秆还田投食(SF),秸秆不还田不投食(NSNF),秸秆不还田投食(NSF),5处理,3次重复和水稻单作(RM)。秸秆还田为全量还田,投食量按照小龙虾体重的3%-5%进行投食。研究结果如下:(1)通过对DO的研究表明,冬泡期,与进水口相比,秸秆不还田处理的DO含量明显高于进水口,高于秸秆还田处理。相同的秸秆还田处理下,水稻单作的DO明显高于稻虾共作,水稻生育期,秸秆还田对水稻单作DO的影响远远高于稻虾共作各处理的影响。(2)通过对铵态氮的研究表明,田面水中各处理与进水口的铵态氮含量相比,进水口的铵态氮含量都要高于各处理,从进水口到田间铵态氮含量是递减的。分蘖期田面水各处理均高于沟渠水,长穗期沟渠水各处理高于田面水。在水稻生育期,秸秆还田处理显著高于秸秆不还田处理,在相同的秸秆处理下,投食的铵态氮含量高于不投食的铵态氮含量。说明秸秆还田与投食可以显著提高铵态氮的含量。(3)通过对硝态氮的研究表明,田面水中各处理与进水口的硝态氮含量相比,进水口的硝态氮含量都要高于各处理,从进水口到田间硝态氮含量是递增的。水稻生育期,田面水和沟渠水中秸秆还田处理的硝态氮含量都要高于秸秆不还田处理,说明秸秆还田可以显著提高硝态氮的含量。(4)通过对TN的研究表明,在冬泡前期,各处理TN含量都呈下降趋势,从进水口到田间TN含量是减少的,秸秆不还田处理高于秸秆还田处理;冬泡后期,各处理TN含量都呈下降趋势,从进水口到田间TN含量是减少的,秸秆还田处理高于秸秆不还田处理。TN在水稻分蘖期和长穗期,从进水口到田面含量是递减的。从整个生育期来看,田面水中RM-SNF含量最高;沟渠水中RC-NSF含量最高。说明秸秆还田可以明显增加水稻单作的TN含量。(5)通过对TP的研究表明,冬泡期,各处理都呈下降趋势,进水口呈上升趋势后稳定。生育期从进水口到水稻田TP含量是递减的。秸秆还田显著增加TP浓度,水稻生育期,由于水稻吸收及流失,TP含量基本保持较低浓度,各处理间无显著差异。结实期,秸秆相同处理下,投食会增加TP含量。(6)秸秆还田并不能显著提高水稻产量。同时稻虾模式与水稻单作产量差异不明显。相同秸秆处理下,投食可以显著提高水稻产量。
[Abstract]:The technique of rice-shrimp co-cropping is based on rice paddy field, and it is a kind of high efficiency rice field compound cultivation model which makes full use of rice field resources. Based on rice shrimp ecosystem, the effect of rice shrimp co-culture on water quality was studied. By optimizing the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the scientific basis is provided for improving the physical and chemical properties of water and improving the management measures of water and fertilizer. This experiment was conducted in the Houhu area of Qianjiang City, Hubei Province in 2015 and 2016, using mid-rice Taiyou 390 and original crayfish as test materials. Under the condition of field, straw was returned to field without (SNF), straw, (SF), straw was not returned to field, (NSNF), straw was not fed on (NSNF), straw, and (NSF), 5 treatment was put into field under the model of rice and shrimp co-cropping with (RC). Three repetitions and (RM). Of Rice monoculture Straw was returned to the field in full quantity, and the feeding amount was 3-5% of the body weight of crayfish. The results are as follows: (1) through the study of DO, the DO content of straw non-returning treatment was significantly higher than that of water inlet treatment and straw returning treatment in winter bubble stage. Under the same straw returning treatment, the DO of rice monoculture was significantly higher than that of rice shrimp co-cropping, and the effect of straw returning to field on DO of rice monoculture was much higher than that of rice shrimp co-cropping at rice growth stage. (2) A study on ammonium nitrogen was carried out. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the inlet of each treatment was higher than that in each treatment, and the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased from the inlet to the field. At tillering stage, each treatment of surface water was higher than that of ditch water, and the treatment of ditch water at long panicle stage was higher than that of field surface water. In rice growth period, straw returning treatment was significantly higher than straw non-returning treatment, under the same straw treatment, the content of ammonium nitrogen was higher than that of non-feeding ammonium nitrogen. The results showed that straw returning and feeding could significantly increase the content of ammonium nitrogen. (3) through the study of nitrate nitrogen in the field surface water, the nitrate nitrogen content in the inlet of each treatment was higher than that in the inlet, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the field surface water was higher than that in the water inlet, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the inlet was higher than that in the field surface water. The nitrate content increased from the inlet to the field. In rice growth period, the nitrate nitrogen content of straw returning treatment in field surface water and ditch water was higher than that in straw non-returning treatment, which indicated that straw returning could significantly increase nitrate nitrogen content. (4) through the study of TN, it was found that in the early winter bubble stage, the content of nitrate nitrogen was significantly increased after straw returning into the field. The TN content of each treatment showed a downward trend, from the inlet to the field TN content is reduced, straw not returning to the field treatment is higher than straw return treatment; In the late stage of winter bubble, the TN content of all treatments decreased, from the inlet to the field, the content of TN in the straw returning treatment was higher than that in the non-returning field treatment. The TN content decreased from the inlet to the field at the tillering stage and the long panicle stage of rice. In the whole growth period, the RM-SNF content in the surface water was the highest, and the RC-NSF content in the ditch water was the highest. The results showed that straw returning to the field could obviously increase the TN content of rice monoculture. (5) through the study of TP, all treatments showed a downward trend in winter bubble stage, and the intake was stable after rising. The TP content decreased from the inlet to the paddy field during the growth period. Straw returning to the field significantly increased the concentration of TP, but there was no significant difference among the treatments because of the absorption and loss of rice, the content of TP remained at a relatively low concentration. The TP content was increased with the same treatment of straw. (6) returning straw to the field could not significantly increase the yield of rice. At the same time, there was no significant difference between rice shrimp model and rice monoculture yield. Under the same straw treatment, the rice yield could be significantly increased by feeding.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511;S966.12

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