光照与温度交互作用对两种色型豌豆蚜种群的影响
发布时间：2018-12-12 00:29
【摘要】：豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)属于半翅目蚜科,有红色和绿色两种生物型,是世界范围内豆科作物及牧草上的主要害虫。绿色型豌豆蚜在我国分布范围广,且危害严重,而红色型目前仅在我国西部地区发现,且种群数量有明显增加趋势。本研究采用响应面设计方法(试验因素个数:温度、光照时数)研究了不同试验处理下红色型和绿色型豌豆蚜生长发育、繁殖及生命参数的变化,以明确光照与温度交互作用对两种色型豌豆蚜种群生长及繁殖的影响,主要结果如下:1.光照与温度交互作用对2种色型豌豆蚜发育历期的影响两种色型豌豆蚜若虫历期随温度升高而缩短;不同温区,若蚜历期随光周期的变化不同。不同温度与光照时数下研究结果说明:红色型若蚜在温度为21℃,光周期为16L:8D时,最适宜生长,且若虫期为8.64d;绿色若蚜在温度为18℃,光周期为20L:4D时,最适宜生长,若虫期为9.68d,从研究所得结论可见,温度与光照对若蚜历期的交互性不显著,且温度对其影响起主导作用;此外,光照对绿色型豌豆蚜若蚜历期影响大于红色型。2.光照与温度交互作用对2种色型豌豆蚜成蚜寿命的影响研究结果表明,在温度为22.5℃时2种色型豌豆蚜寿命最长,且低温时寿命长于高温时。试验观察表明:试验条件为(30℃,16L)时,红色型豌豆蚜在产蚜前期有54.19%出现死亡,不能完成其繁殖;而绿色型豌豆蚜在产蚜期才出现死亡,死亡率为58.33%;试验条件为(30℃,22L)时,红色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活1.25d时体色变绿而死亡,死亡率达63%。在高温条件下,红、绿色型豌豆蚜在光周期16L:8D时成蚜寿命较长;光周期22L:2D时成蚜寿命较短,且绿色型豌豆蚜成蚜寿命显著高于红色型。不同色型豌豆蚜对温度、光照响应的条件各不相同,红色型成蚜在温度为20.5℃,光周期为19L:5D时,寿命最长,达20.71d;绿色型成蚜在温度为19.5℃,光周期19L:5D时,寿命最长,达27.23d。3.光照与温度交互作用对2种色型豌豆蚜成蚜繁殖力的影响两种色型豌豆蚜繁殖期在适温22.5℃时最长。温度较低时,红色型豌豆蚜繁殖力大于绿色型;温度较高时,绿色型豌豆蚜大于红色型。通过对各处理成蚜繁殖期及繁殖力进行分析:温度和光周期对两种色型豌豆蚜繁殖期交互性不显著;对繁殖力交互性显著且红色型豌豆蚜在温度为22.5℃,光周期为19L:5D时繁殖力最高,为80.39头/♀;绿色型成蚜在温度为24.5℃,光周期为19.5L:4.5D时繁殖力最高,达106.96头/♀。4.温度与光周期对2种色型豌豆蚜种群参数的影响光照时间为19h时:在温度为22.5℃时,两种色型豌豆蚜净增殖率(R0)最高;在12℃时平均世代周期(T)最长,种群加倍时间(Dt)最大。在温度为22.5℃时:2种色型豌豆蚜R0在光周期为23L:1D时最小;在3种光周期下,红色型豌豆蚜内禀增长率(rm)在光周期为19L:5D时最大,绿色型豌豆蚜内禀增长率(rm)在光周期为19L:5D时最大;光周期对周限增长率(λ)的影响顺序为:23L19L15L。
[Abstract]:(Acyrthosiphon pisum) belongs to Hemiptera aphidae and has two biological types: red and green. It is the main pest of legume crops and forage all over the world. Green pea aphids are widely distributed in China and are harmful, but the red type is only found in the western part of China, and the population has a tendency to increase obviously. In this study, response surface design method (number of experimental factors: temperature, light hours) was used to study the changes of growth, reproduction and life parameters of red and green pea aphids under different experimental treatments. The effects of the interaction of light and temperature on the population growth and reproduction of two colored pea aphids were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. Effects of the interaction of Light and temperature on the Developmental duration of two Colored Pea aphids the nymphs duration of the two types of color pea aphids shortened with the increase of temperature, and the duration of aphids varied with the photoperiod in different temperature regions. Under different temperature and light hours, the results showed that when the temperature was 21 鈩，
本文编号：2373530
[Abstract]:(Acyrthosiphon pisum) belongs to Hemiptera aphidae and has two biological types: red and green. It is the main pest of legume crops and forage all over the world. Green pea aphids are widely distributed in China and are harmful, but the red type is only found in the western part of China, and the population has a tendency to increase obviously. In this study, response surface design method (number of experimental factors: temperature, light hours) was used to study the changes of growth, reproduction and life parameters of red and green pea aphids under different experimental treatments. The effects of the interaction of light and temperature on the population growth and reproduction of two colored pea aphids were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. Effects of the interaction of Light and temperature on the Developmental duration of two Colored Pea aphids the nymphs duration of the two types of color pea aphids shortened with the increase of temperature, and the duration of aphids varied with the photoperiod in different temperature regions. Under different temperature and light hours, the results showed that when the temperature was 21 鈩，
本文编号：2373530
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