内蒙古草原牧区家庭牧场草畜合理配置研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 04:27

【摘要】：内蒙古草原牧区拥有广阔的草地生态系统,不仅是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地,而且是我国北方重要的生态屏障。粗放的草地管理方式以及畜牧业市场的波动造成草原牧区畜牧业发展缓慢,生态环境问题日益凸显,解决草畜平衡以及饲养规模是重要的发展问题。本文针对内蒙古草原牧区三个地区的主要畜牧业生产模式,以鄂温克旗、扎鲁特旗和四子王旗家庭牧场为研究对象,采用半结构式问卷实地调研与监测,模型模拟等方法对各地畜牧业生产现状进行了模拟分析研究,通过模型模拟建立人工草地的方式解决各地区的草畜不平衡现状,同时,对各地区的家庭牧场生产规模和经济收入进行分析,找出各地区家庭牧场经营最佳的生产规模。主要的研究结果如下:(1)内蒙古地区各地区家庭牧场经营方式不同,草地利用方式存在差异,但是模拟结果均表现出草畜能量在年度内不平衡的现象。夏季饲草料能量充足,冬季饲草料能量不足。(2)模型模拟结果显示,通过建立人工草地可解决当前家庭牧场草畜不平衡问题,同时可以有效降低牧场生产成本。(3)在当前各地现有的生产资源状况下,鄂温克旗家庭牧场可通过调整草地利用方式,提高补饲水平来提高牧场的经济效益;扎鲁特旗最佳的载畜率水平为3.22个羊单位/ha,但是需要将人工草地的面积增加到8.18ha。四子王旗地区家庭牧场最佳的载畜率为0.97个羊单位/ha,牧民可通过增加人工草地面积,减少饲草料投入,提高管理水平和家畜个体生产性能,发展适度家庭牧场养殖规模进而获得较大经济效益。
[Abstract]:The grassland pastoral area of Inner Mongolia has a vast grassland ecosystem, which is not only an important animal husbandry production base in China, but also an important ecological barrier in the north of China. Extensive grassland management and the fluctuation of animal husbandry market lead to the slow development of animal husbandry in grassland and pastoral areas and the increasingly prominent ecological environmental problems. It is an important development problem to solve the balance of grass and livestock and the scale of raising livestock. In this paper, the main animal husbandry production patterns in three areas of Inner Mongolia grassland pastoral area were investigated and monitored with semi-structured questionnaire, taking the family pastures of Ewenki Banner, Zarutte Banner and Siziwang Banner as the research objects. Model simulation and other methods were used to simulate and analyze the current situation of animal husbandry production in various places. The way of establishing artificial grassland by model simulation was used to solve the imbalance of grass and livestock in various areas. At the same time, This paper analyzes the production scale and economic income of family pasture in each region, and finds out the best production scale of family pasture management in each region. The main results are as follows: (1) there are differences in the way of household pasture management and grassland utilization in different regions of Inner Mongolia, but the simulation results show that the energy of grass livestock is unbalanced in the year. The energy of forage in summer is sufficient, and the energy of forage in winter is insufficient. (2) the model simulation results show that the problem of grass and livestock imbalance in family pasture can be solved by establishing artificial grassland. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the cost of pasture production. (3) under the current situation of production resources in various places, the family pasture in Ewenki Banner can improve the economic benefit of pasture by adjusting the way of grassland utilization and raising the level of supplementary feeding. The best stocking rate was 3.22 sheep unit / ha, but the area of artificial grassland needed to be increased to 8.18 ha. The best stocking rate of family pasture in Siziwang Banner area was 0. 97 sheep units / ha, herdsmen could increase the area of artificial grassland, reduce forage input, improve management level and individual production performance of livestock. To develop moderate family ranching scale and obtain greater economic benefits.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812

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