内蒙古多伦县土壤侵蚀与LUCC的时空耦合关系研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 23:51

【摘要】：本文借助"3S"技术,并结合遥感、地形、降雨、土壤等基础资料,对内蒙古多伦县近10a来(2004-2014年)LUCC进行定量分析;同时利用RUSLE模型和《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL190-2007)对该区土壤侵蚀变化规律进行模拟;在此基础上探讨了区域LUCC与土壤侵蚀时空演变的耦合关系;最终对区域土壤侵蚀防控提出相应对策和建议。结果表明:1.2004-2014年,多伦县土地利用/覆被变化明显。其中林地大幅度增加,10a间共增加907.40km2,未利用地大幅度减少,共减少470.23km2;研究初期区域土地利用结构以草地、未利用地和耕地为主,而至研究期末,草地、林地和耕地则占据主要优势,草地始终为本底地类,三期占比均在48%以上;10a间建设用地集中分布趋势明显,水域和未利用地有集中程度减弱的趋势;,耕地、林地和草地基尼系数均低于0.4,表明这三类用地在空间上分布较为均匀且稳定。2.10a间,研究区土壤侵蚀状况逐年好转。其中水蚀面积减少354.85km2;侵蚀总量减少10.25×104t;且各期水蚀强度均以微度和轻度为主,其中微度侵蚀三期面积占比分别为39.00%、41.46%和43.25%;区域风蚀面积由2004年的1577.52km2减小到2014年的1033.41km2,共减少544.11km2;风蚀强度从研究初期的中度以上侵蚀为主转为研究期末的中度以下侵蚀为主;10a间,水蚀和风蚀侵蚀强度增加的面积均小于侵蚀强度减弱的面积,这说明区域土壤侵蚀不断改善。3.多伦县土壤侵蚀主要发生在耕地、林地、草地和未利用地之间。其中各期草地水蚀和风蚀面积均最大,但其水蚀强度以微度和轻度为主,风蚀强度则以中度为主;研究初期,未利用地水蚀和风蚀面积由2004年的442.09km2和461.47km2减少为2014年的2.42km2和5.19km2,且侵蚀强度变化表现为水蚀以强烈、极强烈逐步转为微度和轻度,而风蚀始终以强烈为主;耕地侵蚀面积较大,且各期水蚀和风蚀均以强烈侵蚀为主;10a间林地侵蚀强度均以微度和轻度为主。4.分析得出,引起区域土壤侵蚀的主要地类是耕地和草地,其中耕地应考虑水蚀和风蚀的综合防控,草地则以风蚀防控为主;前者采取的防控措施主要有陡坡退耕、缓坡梯化、留茬、免耕和少耕等,后者则应从提高草地植被覆盖度入手,采取包括"围栏封育"、"禁牧舍饲"、人工种草在内的等多种措施。
[Abstract]:With the help of "3s" technology and combined with the basic data of remote sensing, topography, rainfall and soil, the LUCC of Duolun County in Inner Mongolia during the past 10 years (2004-2014) was quantitatively analyzed. At the same time, RUSLE model and soil erosion classification and grading standard (SL190-2007) were used to simulate the variation of soil erosion in this area, and the coupling relationship between regional LUCC and temporal and spatial evolution of soil erosion was discussed. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of regional soil erosion are put forward. The results showed that: 1. Land use / cover change was obvious in Duolun County from 2004 to 2014. Among them, woodland increased by a large margin, increased 907.40km2 in 10 years, and the unused land decreased by 470.23km2; At the beginning of the study, grassland, unused land and cultivated land dominated the regional land use structure, but at the end of the study, grassland, woodland and cultivated land occupied the main advantage, and grassland was always the background category, accounting for more than 48% of the three periods. During 10 years, the distribution trend of construction land concentration was obvious, and the concentration degree of water area and unused land decreased. , the Gini coefficient of cultivated land, woodland and grassland were all lower than 0.4, which indicated that the spatial distribution of these three kinds of land was more uniform and stable, and the soil erosion situation in the study area was improved year by year in 2.10 years. The water erosion area decreased 354.85 km ~ 2, the total erosion decreased 10.25 脳 10 ~ 4 t, and the intensity of water erosion was mainly slight and slight in each period, in which the area of the third stage of micro-erosion was 39.00% 41.46% and 43.25% respectively. The area of regional wind erosion decreased from 1577.52km2 in 2004 to 1033.41 km2 in 2014, with a total reduction of 544.11km2, and the intensity of wind erosion changed from moderate erosion to less than moderate erosion at the beginning of the study period. In 10 years, the increasing area of water erosion and wind erosion intensity is smaller than the area where the erosion intensity is weakened, which indicates that the regional soil erosion is improving continuously. Soil erosion occurs mainly between cultivated land, woodland, grassland and unused land in Duolun County. The water erosion and wind erosion area of grassland were the largest in each period, but the water erosion intensity was slight and mild, while the wind erosion intensity was moderate. At the beginning of the study, the area of unused water erosion and wind erosion decreased from 442.09km2 and 461.47km2 in 2004 to 2.42km2 and 5.19 km ~ 2 in 2014, and the change of erosion intensity showed that the water erosion was strong, and the intensity of erosion gradually changed to micro-degree and light degree. The wind erosion is always strong; The erosion area of cultivated land is large, and the water erosion and wind erosion are mainly strong erosion in each period, and the intensity of forest land erosion in 10 years is mainly slight and mild. 4. It is concluded that the main soil erosion in the region is cultivated land and grassland, in which water erosion and wind erosion should be taken into account in cultivated land and wind erosion in grassland. The prevention and control measures adopted in the former mainly include steep slope conversion, gentle slope ladder, stubble, no-tillage and less tillage, etc. The latter should start with raising the vegetation coverage of grassland, including "fencing", "forbidding grazing and feeding", etc. Manual recommendation and other measures.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157.1

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