人工营养基质缓解连作黄瓜根结线虫及枯萎病的作用
发布时间：2018-12-14 17:17
【摘要】：设施蔬菜生产以黄瓜栽培为主,随着设施生产的规模化和专业化需求间的矛盾逐渐突出,黄瓜连作现象逐步加重,已成为设施黄瓜生产的重要制约因素。病原物积累是连作障碍最主要原因之一,枯萎病和线虫病是两种极为重要的连作病害,其发病率高危害程度大,严重影响作物的产量和品质,大量研究表明营养基质栽培可以有效解决蔬菜连作障碍问题。本文以1-19茬连作黄瓜为试验对象,分别设土壤栽培和营养基质栽培两种不同处理方式,通过对黄瓜病害发病程度的影响,对病原物质积累的影响以及对致病因子和抗病因子的影响四个方面探究,探明人工营养基质在解决连作障碍中的作用及其机制,为解决设施黄瓜栽培连作障碍问题提供技术支持。主要试验结果如下:1.两种栽培方式均表现出了不同程度的连作障碍,发病率随栽培年限的延长而不断加重,1-5茬发病率相对较低发,7-17茬呈逐渐上升趋势,发病最高的土壤栽培17茬病情指数达到60,17茬后开始缓慢下降。相对于土壤栽培,基质栽培发病率低,发病缓慢,证明营养基质相对于土壤栽培能明显延缓根结线虫病与枯萎病的发病率。2.通过测算不同茬次土壤尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium Wilt)数以及根结线虫虫口密度发现,发病率高的茬次土壤与基质中尖孢镰刀菌及线虫含量多,发病率较低者含量较少,其中最高一茬土壤栽培第13茬中镰刀菌菌数是第1茬的5倍达到50× 103cfu g-1干土,营养基质栽培两种病害病原物质低于土壤栽培。3.在连作基质与土壤中,均检测出苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、阿魏酸、和香草醛,其中阿魏酸的含量明显高于其他三种,香草醛含量最低且与连作年限相关性不大。苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸和阿魏酸与连作表现出明显的相关性,随着连作茬次不断增加酚酸类物质积累逐渐增多,且在连作9-17茬间大幅上升。相比于土壤栽培,基质栽培中酚酸物质含量较少。4.连作黄瓜土壤与基质pH值随连作茬次增加逐渐偏向酸性,有机质、碱解氮、速效氮、全氮、速效磷、全磷均随连作茬次增加而减少,基质栽培均高于土壤栽培,容重与EC值随连作茬次增加而增加,基质低于土壤,速效钾无明显变化。5.随着连作茬次的增加,土壤与基质中的脲酶、多酚氧化酶与过氧化氢酶明显呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,基质栽培高于土壤栽培,蔗糖酶呈缓慢下降趋势,中性磷酸酶略有上升但两种栽培差异不显著。6.土壤灭菌能够有效杀死土壤病原菌,60度高温处理下土壤线虫死亡率达到98%,尖孢镰刀菌死亡率达到86%,发病率为0,植株各生长指标均明显高于未加温处理土壤。营养基质在黄瓜连作栽培过程中,相对于土壤明显降低了病虫害的发病率并表现出延缓连作障碍发生的作用,能够有效延缓由于根结线虫及枯萎病导致的连作障碍2-3茬。此试验结果能够为田间生产提供一定技术指导。
[Abstract]:Cucumber cultivation is the main production of protected vegetables. With the contradiction between the scale of facility production and specialized demand becoming more and more serious, the phenomenon of continuous cropping of cucumber is gradually aggravated, which has become an important restriction factor of greenhouse cucumber production. Pathogen accumulation is one of the main causes of continuous cropping obstacle. Fusarium wilt and nematode disease are two very important continuous cropping diseases. A large number of studies have shown that nutrient substrate cultivation can effectively solve the problem of vegetable continuous cropping obstacles. In this paper, soil cultivation and nutrient substrate cultivation were used to treat 1-19 consecutive cropping cucumber as experimental objects. The effects of soil culture and nutrient substrate cultivation on the incidence of cucumber disease were studied. The effects on the accumulation of pathogenic substances and the effects on pathogenic factors and disease resistance factors were explored in order to explore the role and mechanism of artificial nutrition matrix in solving continuous cropping disorders. To provide technical support to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber cultivation. The main results are as follows: 1. The two cultivation methods showed different degrees of continuous cropping obstacles, and the incidence rate increased with the extension of cultivation years, the incidence of 1-5 stubble was relatively low, and 7-17 stubble was increasing gradually. The disease index of the 17 stubble cultivated in soil was the highest, and the disease index began to decrease slowly after reaching 60 ~ 17 stubble. Compared with soil cultivation, the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation, which showed that the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation. 2. By calculating the (Fusarium Wilt) number of Fusarium oxysporum and the density of root-knot nematode in different subsoil, it was found that in the soil and substrate with high incidence rate, the content of Fusarium oxysporum and nematode was more, and the lower incidence was less. The number of Fusarium in the first crop was 5 times of that in the first crop and reached 50 脳 103cfu g ~ (-1) dry soil, and the pathogenic substances of the two diseases in nutrient substrate cultivation were lower than those in the soil. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were detected in continuous cropping medium and soil. The content of ferulic acid was significantly higher than that of the other three, and the vanillin content was the lowest and had little correlation with the years of continuous cropping. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid showed obvious correlation with continuous cropping, and the accumulation of phenolic acids increased gradually with the successive cropping times, and increased significantly during the successive cropping period of 9-17 years. Compared with soil cultivation, the content of phenolic acid in substrate cultivation was less. 4. 4. The pH values of continuous cropping cucumber soil and substrate tended to be acidic, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and total phosphorus decreased with the increase of successive cropping times, and the substrate cultivation was higher than that of soil cultivation. The bulk density and EC value increased with the successive cropping times, but the substrate was lower than the soil, and the available potassium had no obvious change. 5. The urease, polyphenol oxidase and catalase in soil and substrate increased at first and then decreased with the increase of successive cropping times. The substrate cultivation was higher than soil cultivation, and the sucrase decreased slowly. Neutral phosphatase increased slightly, but there was no significant difference between the two cultivation methods. Soil sterilization could effectively kill soil pathogenic bacteria, the mortality of soil nematodes reached 98, Fusarium oxysporum mortality reached 86, the incidence rate was 0, and the plant growth index was significantly higher than that of unheated soil. During the continuous cultivation of cucumber, the incidence of diseases and insect pests was significantly reduced and the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles was retarded, which could effectively delay the continuous cropping obstacles caused by root knot nematodes and wilt. The experimental results can provide some technical guidance for field production.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.421
，
本文编号：2379005
[Abstract]:Cucumber cultivation is the main production of protected vegetables. With the contradiction between the scale of facility production and specialized demand becoming more and more serious, the phenomenon of continuous cropping of cucumber is gradually aggravated, which has become an important restriction factor of greenhouse cucumber production. Pathogen accumulation is one of the main causes of continuous cropping obstacle. Fusarium wilt and nematode disease are two very important continuous cropping diseases. A large number of studies have shown that nutrient substrate cultivation can effectively solve the problem of vegetable continuous cropping obstacles. In this paper, soil cultivation and nutrient substrate cultivation were used to treat 1-19 consecutive cropping cucumber as experimental objects. The effects of soil culture and nutrient substrate cultivation on the incidence of cucumber disease were studied. The effects on the accumulation of pathogenic substances and the effects on pathogenic factors and disease resistance factors were explored in order to explore the role and mechanism of artificial nutrition matrix in solving continuous cropping disorders. To provide technical support to solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of cucumber cultivation. The main results are as follows: 1. The two cultivation methods showed different degrees of continuous cropping obstacles, and the incidence rate increased with the extension of cultivation years, the incidence of 1-5 stubble was relatively low, and 7-17 stubble was increasing gradually. The disease index of the 17 stubble cultivated in soil was the highest, and the disease index began to decrease slowly after reaching 60 ~ 17 stubble. Compared with soil cultivation, the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation, which showed that the incidence of root knot nematode and Fusarium wilt was significantly delayed by nutrient substrate cultivation. 2. By calculating the (Fusarium Wilt) number of Fusarium oxysporum and the density of root-knot nematode in different subsoil, it was found that in the soil and substrate with high incidence rate, the content of Fusarium oxysporum and nematode was more, and the lower incidence was less. The number of Fusarium in the first crop was 5 times of that in the first crop and reached 50 脳 103cfu g ~ (-1) dry soil, and the pathogenic substances of the two diseases in nutrient substrate cultivation were lower than those in the soil. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were detected in continuous cropping medium and soil. The content of ferulic acid was significantly higher than that of the other three, and the vanillin content was the lowest and had little correlation with the years of continuous cropping. Benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid showed obvious correlation with continuous cropping, and the accumulation of phenolic acids increased gradually with the successive cropping times, and increased significantly during the successive cropping period of 9-17 years. Compared with soil cultivation, the content of phenolic acid in substrate cultivation was less. 4. 4. The pH values of continuous cropping cucumber soil and substrate tended to be acidic, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and total phosphorus decreased with the increase of successive cropping times, and the substrate cultivation was higher than that of soil cultivation. The bulk density and EC value increased with the successive cropping times, but the substrate was lower than the soil, and the available potassium had no obvious change. 5. The urease, polyphenol oxidase and catalase in soil and substrate increased at first and then decreased with the increase of successive cropping times. The substrate cultivation was higher than soil cultivation, and the sucrase decreased slowly. Neutral phosphatase increased slightly, but there was no significant difference between the two cultivation methods. Soil sterilization could effectively kill soil pathogenic bacteria, the mortality of soil nematodes reached 98, Fusarium oxysporum mortality reached 86, the incidence rate was 0, and the plant growth index was significantly higher than that of unheated soil. During the continuous cultivation of cucumber, the incidence of diseases and insect pests was significantly reduced and the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles was retarded, which could effectively delay the continuous cropping obstacles caused by root knot nematodes and wilt. The experimental results can provide some technical guidance for field production.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.421
，
本文编号：2379005
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