越橘花芽分化与体内物质代谢关系研究

发布时间：2019-01-06 08:18

【摘要】：本实验选用北高丛越橘品种“都克(Duke)”、半高丛越橘品种“北陆(Northland)”和矮丛越橘品种“美登(Blomidon)”为试材,利用石蜡切片技术,研究三个越橘品种花芽形态分化过程;以“北陆(Northland)”为对象,研究越橘花芽生理分化期和形态分化期碳水化合物含量,7种矿质元素含量(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn),以及遗传物质含量,探索其代谢规律以及对越橘花芽分化的影响,主要结果如下:(1)越橘花芽分化共分为7个时期:未分化期、分化初期、花序原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期以及雌蕊原基分化期。不同品种花芽分化所需时间各有不同,“北陆”花芽形态分化需历时57天,从8月1日开始,至9月26日结束;“美登”花芽形态分化需历时47天,从7月10日开始,至8月25日结束;“都克”花芽形态分化需历时58天,从8月9日开始,至10月4日结束。(2)花芽分化过程中叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量变化趋势均为先升后降。在花芽形态分化前期,可溶性糖含量增加,淀粉含量下降,是因为淀粉转化为可溶性糖,为越橘花器官形成提供营养。可溶性糖和淀粉含量的积累有利于越橘花芽形态分化期花器官的形成。(3)越橘的花芽分化需要高水平的C/N,促进花器官的形成,生理分化期C/N值的增长幅度可以作为判断越橘花芽分化率大小的一个指标,C/N值增长幅度越大,花芽分化率越大。(4)较低水平的N、Fe有益于越橘形态分化过程,P有利于越橘花芽由生理分化转化为形态分化,Mg和Ca可促进越橘花器官的形成,而积累适量的K和Mn可为开花做准备。(5)越橘花芽分化过程中,总核酸量、RNA含量增加显著,RNA/DNA值高,细胞代谢活动旺盛,促进花芽中各个花器官形成。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, "Duke (Duke)", "Beilu (Northland)" and "Madden (Blomidon)" were used as the test materials, and paraffin slice technique was used to study the results of the experiment, including "Duke (Duke)", "Beilu (Northland)" and "Madden (Blomidon)". The process of flower bud morphological differentiation of three blueberry varieties was studied. The contents of carbohydrates, seven mineral elements (Nemg), and genetic material in blueberry flower bud during physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation were studied by using "(Northland)" as an object. The main results were as follows: (1) the flower bud differentiation of blueberry was divided into seven stages: undifferentiated period, early differentiation stage, inflorescence primordium differentiation stage, sepal primordium differentiation stage. Petal primordium differentiation, stamen primordium differentiation and pistil primordium differentiation. The time required for flower bud differentiation in different varieties was different. The morphological differentiation of flower bud in "Beilu" lasted 57 days, from August 1 to September 26. The flower bud morphological differentiation of Meideng took 47 days, from July 10 to August 25. The flower bud morphological differentiation of Duke took 58 days, from August 9 to October 4. (2) the content of soluble sugar and starch in leaves increased first and then decreased during the process of flower bud differentiation. In the early stage of flower bud morphological differentiation soluble sugar content increased and starch content decreased because starch transformed into soluble sugar which provided nutrition for blueberry flower organ formation. The accumulation of soluble sugar and starch was beneficial to the formation of flower organs during flower bud morphological differentiation of blueberry. (3) the flower bud differentiation of blueberry requires a high level of C / N to promote the formation of flower organs. The increasing range of C / N value in physiological differentiation stage can be used as an index to judge the differentiation rate of blueberry flower bud. The larger the increase of C / N value, the greater the flower bud differentiation rate. (4) the lower the level of NC- Fe is beneficial to the process of blueberry morphological differentiation. P was beneficial to the transformation of blueberry flower buds from physiological differentiation to morphological differentiation, Mg and Ca could promote the formation of blueberry flower organs, and the accumulation of appropriate K and Mn could prepare for flowering. (5) the total nucleic acid content in blueberry flower bud differentiation process. The content of RNA increased significantly, the RNA/DNA value was high, and the cell metabolism was vigorous, which promoted the formation of various floral organs in flower bud.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S663.9

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