日本鳗鲡人工催产时机的优化及仔鱼行为和开口饵料的研究
发布时间：2019-01-27 19:32
【摘要】：日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)又称鳗鲡,是一种典型的降海产卵性鱼类,在东亚水产贸易中占据重要地位。本文根据国内外鳗鲡人工繁殖研究的成果和进展,结合鳗鲡仔鱼的培育技术,进行了鳗鲡人工繁殖的优化以及仔鱼开口饵料和行为形态特征等方面的研究。通过探卵将鳗鲡雌鱼的卵细胞最后成熟阶段划分为多个时相,旨在找到雌鱼注射启动针和催产针的最佳时机,以诱导亲鱼成功排卵;通过显微观察、视频记录等方式,观察描述鳗鲡早期仔鱼的形态特征和行为特征;通过设置不同开口饵料类别,比较分析了不同饵料对鳗鲡仔鱼存活情况的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.为解决鳗鲡的人工繁殖中普遍存在的亲鱼难产、排卵率不高以及卵子质量低等现象,本实验研究了卵细胞发育过程中脂滴的数量与大小的改变,确定卵细胞的发育时相,研究其与鳗鲡雌鱼排卵与受精之间的关系,以此推断注射排卵启动针和催产针的最佳时机。结果发现:随着卵细胞的成熟,卵径变大,脂滴融合、数量减少且直径变大;根据脂滴的大小与数目,可将鳗鲡的卵细胞分为11时相。进一步研究发现,当卵细胞处于第2~4时相时,注射启动针;然后在第5~6时相时,注射催产针,能顺利促进鳗鲡产卵,且卵细胞能有效受精;而难产的鳗鲡雌鱼卵巢中的卵细胞所处阶段变化很大,且脂滴分散。结果表明,根据脂滴的数目与直径划分卵细胞的成熟阶段能准确判断卵细胞成熟状况,选择合适的卵细胞成熟时间注射启动针和催产针,能有效提高鳗鲡卵细胞的质量,并促使其顺利排卵。2.为探究鳗鲡仔鱼的行为和形态特征,本实验通过显微观察和视频记录的方式,发现仔鱼在6dph(孵化后天数,days post hatching)眼睛开始着色,牙齿雏形显现;9dph仔鱼牙齿尖锐锋利,表面光滑平顺,无特殊构造;仔鱼肠道有食物,并观察到仔鱼的摄食方式为触碰后咬食;仔鱼在6dph之前,呈豆芽状悬浮在水的上层,7dph开始下沉,之后主要在水的中下层活动;仔鱼运动无规律,表现出避光性,游动敏捷;在9~10dph,观察到仔鱼的畸形现象。3.为探究鳗鲡仔鱼适宜的开口饵料,本实验研究了不同饵料对鳗鲡仔鱼存活率的影响。结果显示,与对照组(不投饵)相比,投喂以鲨鱼卵、磷虾提取液为基础的饵料和以鲨鱼卵、海蜇匀浆液为基础的饵料以及微绿球藻液均提高了鳗鲡仔鱼的存活率;而投喂以鲨鱼卵、卤虫匀浆液为基础的饵料和以卤虫匀浆液、磷虾提取液为基础的饵料,以及轮虫、海带+龙须菜匀浆液或海蜇以及发酵鲨鱼肉,均降低鳗鲡仔鱼的存活率。投喂以鲨鱼卵、磷虾提取液为基础的饵料,仔鱼最长存活时间达20天。总之,在鳗鲡的人工繁殖过程中,需要把握亲鱼的最佳催熟催产时机,以提高排卵率和卵质;在早期仔鱼个体发育以及人工培育中,需要严格控制水质,合理调节光照、水温、盐度等因子,以提高仔鱼的存活率。另外,在本研究中,鳗鲡仔鱼的适宜开口饵料还需进一步地深入探究,仔鱼的培育技术也有待完善。
[Abstract]:Anguilla japonica, also known as" Anguilla japonica ", is a typical sea-laying egg-laying fish, which plays an important role in the East Asian aquatic trade. In this paper, based on the results and progress of the study on the artificial propagation of the young fish in China and abroad, the optimization of the artificial propagation of the larvae and the characteristics of the open bait and the behavior of the young fish are studied in this paper. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing the final mature stage of the egg cell of the sturgeon and the female fish into a plurality of time phases by detecting the egg, and aiming at finding the best time of the female fish to inject the starting needle and the inducing needle, so as to induce the successful ovulation of the pro-fish; and through microscopic observation, video recording and the like, The morphological characteristics and behavior characteristics of the early young fish were observed, and the effect of different bait on the survival of the young fish was compared. The main results are as follows: 1. In order to solve the phenomena of difficult production, high ovulatory rate and low egg quality in the artificial propagation of the egg cell, the change of the number and size of the lipid droplets during the development of the egg cell is studied, and the development time phase of the egg cell is determined. The relationship between the ovulatory and fertilization of the female and female fish was studied. The results showed that, with the maturation of the egg cell, the diameter of the egg was large, the lipid droplets were fused, the number was decreased, and the diameter was large; according to the size and the number of the lipid droplets, the egg cells of the baboon can be divided into 11 phases. Further research has shown that when the egg cell is in the second to fourth phase, the injection start needle is injected, and then, when the egg cell is in the 5-6 phase, the injection-promoting needle can smoothly promote the egg-laying of the egg cell, and the egg cell can be effectively fertilized; and the phase of the egg cell in the difficult-to-produce female fish ovary is greatly changed, and the lipid droplets are dispersed. The results show that, according to the number and diameter of the lipid droplets, the mature phase of the egg cell can be accurately determined, the appropriate mature time of the egg cell is selected to be injected into the needle and the needle-making needle, and the quality of the egg cell can be effectively improved, and the ovulation is facilitated. In order to study the behavior and morphological characteristics of the young fish, this experiment was carried out by means of microscopic observation and video recording, and found that the young fish began to be colored at 6dph (days after hatching, days post hatching), and the shape of the teeth appeared; the teeth of the 9dph were sharp and sharp, and the surface was smooth and smooth without special structure; The food was found in the intestinal tract of the larvae, and the food consumption of the larvae was observed to be the bite after the touch. The larvae were suspended in the upper layer of the water before 6dph, and the 7dph began to sink, and then mainly in the middle and lower layers of the water; the movement of the larvae of the larvae was irregular, showing the light and the agility; and at 9-10dph, Malformation of the young fish was observed. The effects of different diets on the survival rate of juvenile fish were studied in this paper. The results showed that, compared with the control group (no bait), the bait with the shark egg and the krill extract as the base and the bait with the shark's egg and the sea level homogenate as the base, and the micro-chlorococcus pluvialis liquid both improved the survival rate of the larvae of the larvae, and were fed with the shark's eggs. The bait which is based on the mixed slurry of the artemia, the baits based on the extract of the krill and the extract of the krill, as well as the rotifers, the kelp + long-beard vegetable homogenate or the sea water and the fermented shark fish, all reduce the survival rate of the larvae of the herring. The bait was fed with shark egg and krill extract, and the longest survival time of the larvae was 20 days. In conclusion, in the process of artificial propagation of young fish, it is necessary to grasp the best ripening time of the pro-fish to improve the ovulation rate and the egg quality; in the individual development of the early larvae and the artificial cultivation, it is necessary to strictly control the water quality, reasonably adjust the factors such as illumination, water temperature, salinity and the like, so as to improve the survival rate of the larvae. In addition, in this study, it is necessary to further explore the suitable open bait of the larvae of the paparazzi, and the breeding technology of the larvae of the larvae is still to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4
本文编号：2416619
[Abstract]:Anguilla japonica, also known as" Anguilla japonica ", is a typical sea-laying egg-laying fish, which plays an important role in the East Asian aquatic trade. In this paper, based on the results and progress of the study on the artificial propagation of the young fish in China and abroad, the optimization of the artificial propagation of the larvae and the characteristics of the open bait and the behavior of the young fish are studied in this paper. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing the final mature stage of the egg cell of the sturgeon and the female fish into a plurality of time phases by detecting the egg, and aiming at finding the best time of the female fish to inject the starting needle and the inducing needle, so as to induce the successful ovulation of the pro-fish; and through microscopic observation, video recording and the like, The morphological characteristics and behavior characteristics of the early young fish were observed, and the effect of different bait on the survival of the young fish was compared. The main results are as follows: 1. In order to solve the phenomena of difficult production, high ovulatory rate and low egg quality in the artificial propagation of the egg cell, the change of the number and size of the lipid droplets during the development of the egg cell is studied, and the development time phase of the egg cell is determined. The relationship between the ovulatory and fertilization of the female and female fish was studied. The results showed that, with the maturation of the egg cell, the diameter of the egg was large, the lipid droplets were fused, the number was decreased, and the diameter was large; according to the size and the number of the lipid droplets, the egg cells of the baboon can be divided into 11 phases. Further research has shown that when the egg cell is in the second to fourth phase, the injection start needle is injected, and then, when the egg cell is in the 5-6 phase, the injection-promoting needle can smoothly promote the egg-laying of the egg cell, and the egg cell can be effectively fertilized; and the phase of the egg cell in the difficult-to-produce female fish ovary is greatly changed, and the lipid droplets are dispersed. The results show that, according to the number and diameter of the lipid droplets, the mature phase of the egg cell can be accurately determined, the appropriate mature time of the egg cell is selected to be injected into the needle and the needle-making needle, and the quality of the egg cell can be effectively improved, and the ovulation is facilitated. In order to study the behavior and morphological characteristics of the young fish, this experiment was carried out by means of microscopic observation and video recording, and found that the young fish began to be colored at 6dph (days after hatching, days post hatching), and the shape of the teeth appeared; the teeth of the 9dph were sharp and sharp, and the surface was smooth and smooth without special structure; The food was found in the intestinal tract of the larvae, and the food consumption of the larvae was observed to be the bite after the touch. The larvae were suspended in the upper layer of the water before 6dph, and the 7dph began to sink, and then mainly in the middle and lower layers of the water; the movement of the larvae of the larvae was irregular, showing the light and the agility; and at 9-10dph, Malformation of the young fish was observed. The effects of different diets on the survival rate of juvenile fish were studied in this paper. The results showed that, compared with the control group (no bait), the bait with the shark egg and the krill extract as the base and the bait with the shark's egg and the sea level homogenate as the base, and the micro-chlorococcus pluvialis liquid both improved the survival rate of the larvae of the larvae, and were fed with the shark's eggs. The bait which is based on the mixed slurry of the artemia, the baits based on the extract of the krill and the extract of the krill, as well as the rotifers, the kelp + long-beard vegetable homogenate or the sea water and the fermented shark fish, all reduce the survival rate of the larvae of the herring. The bait was fed with shark egg and krill extract, and the longest survival time of the larvae was 20 days. In conclusion, in the process of artificial propagation of young fish, it is necessary to grasp the best ripening time of the pro-fish to improve the ovulation rate and the egg quality; in the individual development of the early larvae and the artificial cultivation, it is necessary to strictly control the water quality, reasonably adjust the factors such as illumination, water temperature, salinity and the like, so as to improve the survival rate of the larvae. In addition, in this study, it is necessary to further explore the suitable open bait of the larvae of the paparazzi, and the breeding technology of the larvae of the larvae is still to be improved.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4
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