光肩星天牛自然种群关键控制因子研究
发布时间：2019-02-10 19:20
【摘要】：光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch.是一种重要的世界性检疫害虫,严重影响了我国林木的健康。目前在我国已经遍及绝大多数省市和自治区,至今已经入侵并在美国及欧洲11国定殖分布,如何有效地防治光肩星天牛已经成为一大难题。本研究利用自然种群生命表以及人工招引天敌的方法,对光肩星天牛自然种群控制因子及卵期和低龄幼虫期的天敌进行了调查研究,主要结果如下:1.利用砍伐自然受害树解剖的方法调查了北京、天津、珲春三地的光肩星天牛自然天敌种类及作用贡献率,结果表明,三地的天敌造成的光肩星天牛的死亡率中,捕食性天敌所占比例均最大,其中北京地区的平均捕食率最高,达到了 65.6%,显著高于同地区寄生性天敌和病原微生物的控制作用(P=0.0001)。天津地区的寄生性天敌造成的死亡率是三地中最高的,达到了 16.82%。而珲春地区的天敌作用的总死亡率只有22.42%。2.人工招引光肩星天牛卵期及低龄幼虫期寄生蜂结果显示,北京地区和上海地区低龄幼虫期的寄生蜂种类较为丰富,其中北京两年共发现寄生蜂7种,其中2015年的总寄生率为11.08%,2016年的总寄生率为5.82%;上海地区两年共发现寄生蜂6种,其中2015年的总寄生率为3.32%,2016年的总寄生率为7.72%。而珲春地区的寄生蜂种类较为贫乏,只有2015年发现一种,寄生率只有0.15%。综合三地的寄生蜂种类及寄生率,其中奥金小蜂O×ysychus sp.所占的寄生比例最高,2016年北京地区奥金小蜂的寄生率为1.51%,上海地区奥金小蜂的寄生率为5.99%,该蜂可能是一个具有开发潜力的寄生性天敌。3.应用生命表法分析了珲春和北京两地的主要控制因子及其发展趋势,结果显示,北京地区连续两年的主要控制因子是老熟幼虫期及蛹期的致死因子啄木鸟(EIPC17),啄木鸟两年的排除控制指数分别为1.8571和1.3274。北京地区两年的光肩星天牛平均死亡率为71.98%,老熟幼虫期及蛹期光肩星天牛平均死亡率为40.18%。而珲春地区的主要控制因子为卵期及低龄幼虫期的其他捕食(EIPC3,E7PC9),排除控制指数分别为1.1102和1.1133。珲春地区2016年光肩星天牛总死亡率为40.94%,而卵期及低龄幼虫期的总死亡率为34.24%。北京地区两年的种群趋势指数(Ⅰ)分别为2.6969、3.3996,珲春地区的种群趋势指数(Ⅰ)为4.6991。4.综合两地的所有控制因子运用Morris回归分析法和回归系数bi进行关键因子分析,均发现啄木鸟决定系数(r~2=0.501)和b_i值(bi=1.066)最大,所以啄木鸟为光肩星天牛自然种群的关键因子。
[Abstract]:Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch. It is an important worldwide quarantine pest, which seriously affects the health of forest trees in China. At present, most provinces and autonomous regions in China have invaded and colonized in 11 countries in the United States and Europe. In this study, the natural population control factors and the natural enemies in egg stage and young larval stage were investigated by using the natural population life table and the method of artificial attraction of natural enemies. The main results were as follows: 1. The natural enemy species and the contribution rate of natural enemies in Beijing, Tianjin and Hunchun were investigated by using the method of cutting down the natural injured tree. The results showed that the death rate of the natural enemies in the three places was among the natural enemies. The proportion of predatory natural enemies was the largest, and the average predation rate in Beijing was the highest, reaching 65.6, which was significantly higher than that of parasitic natural enemies and pathogenic microorganisms in the same area (P0. 0001). The death rate of parasitic natural enemies in Tianjin is the highest in the three regions, reaching 16.82%. The total death rate of natural enemy in Hunchun area is only 22.42. 2. The results showed that the parasitic wasps were abundant in Beijing and Shanghai, and 7 species of parasitoids were found in Beijing in two years. The total parasitic rate was 11.08 in 2015 and 5.82 in 2016; Six species of parasitic wasps were found in Shanghai in two years. The total parasitic rate was 3.32 in 2015 and 7.72 in 2016. But the parasitic wasp species in Hunchun area is relatively poor, only one species was discovered in 2015, and the parasitic rate was only 0.15. The parasitic species and parasitic rate of the parasitoids in the three places were synthesized, among them, O 脳 ysychus sp.. The parasitic rate of Beijing is 1.51cm in 2016, and that of Shanghai is 5.99. it may be a potential parasitic natural enemy. The life table method was used to analyze the main control factors and their development trends in Hunchun and Beijing. The results showed that the main controlling factors in Beijing for two consecutive years were the lethal factor woodpecker (EIPC17) in mature larval and pupal stage. The control index of woodpecker for two years was 1.8571 and 1.3274, respectively. The average mortality rate was 71.98 in Beijing, and 40.18 in mature larvae and pupal stages. The main controlling factors in Hunchun area were egg stage and other predation (EIPC3,E7PC9) of young larva stage, excluding control index was 1.1102 and 1.1133 respectively. In the Hunchun area, the total mortality rate was 40.94 in 2016, and 34.24 in egg stage and young larval stage. The population trend index (鈪，
本文编号：2419459
[Abstract]:Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch. It is an important worldwide quarantine pest, which seriously affects the health of forest trees in China. At present, most provinces and autonomous regions in China have invaded and colonized in 11 countries in the United States and Europe. In this study, the natural population control factors and the natural enemies in egg stage and young larval stage were investigated by using the natural population life table and the method of artificial attraction of natural enemies. The main results were as follows: 1. The natural enemy species and the contribution rate of natural enemies in Beijing, Tianjin and Hunchun were investigated by using the method of cutting down the natural injured tree. The results showed that the death rate of the natural enemies in the three places was among the natural enemies. The proportion of predatory natural enemies was the largest, and the average predation rate in Beijing was the highest, reaching 65.6, which was significantly higher than that of parasitic natural enemies and pathogenic microorganisms in the same area (P0. 0001). The death rate of parasitic natural enemies in Tianjin is the highest in the three regions, reaching 16.82%. The total death rate of natural enemy in Hunchun area is only 22.42. 2. The results showed that the parasitic wasps were abundant in Beijing and Shanghai, and 7 species of parasitoids were found in Beijing in two years. The total parasitic rate was 11.08 in 2015 and 5.82 in 2016; Six species of parasitic wasps were found in Shanghai in two years. The total parasitic rate was 3.32 in 2015 and 7.72 in 2016. But the parasitic wasp species in Hunchun area is relatively poor, only one species was discovered in 2015, and the parasitic rate was only 0.15. The parasitic species and parasitic rate of the parasitoids in the three places were synthesized, among them, O 脳 ysychus sp.. The parasitic rate of Beijing is 1.51cm in 2016, and that of Shanghai is 5.99. it may be a potential parasitic natural enemy. The life table method was used to analyze the main control factors and their development trends in Hunchun and Beijing. The results showed that the main controlling factors in Beijing for two consecutive years were the lethal factor woodpecker (EIPC17) in mature larval and pupal stage. The control index of woodpecker for two years was 1.8571 and 1.3274, respectively. The average mortality rate was 71.98 in Beijing, and 40.18 in mature larvae and pupal stages. The main controlling factors in Hunchun area were egg stage and other predation (EIPC3,E7PC9) of young larva stage, excluding control index was 1.1102 and 1.1133 respectively. In the Hunchun area, the total mortality rate was 40.94 in 2016, and 34.24 in egg stage and young larval stage. The population trend index (鈪，
本文编号：2419459
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