授粉、田间施肥和套袋处理对新梨7号梨果实品质的影响

发布时间：2019-02-13 07:12

【摘要】：为了提高新梨7号果实的果品质量和等级果比率,2015年至2016年在河北省漳河林场梨园研究了几种不同栽培措施对新梨7号果品品质的影响。研究了不同梨品种授粉,田间施肥和套袋处理对新梨7号梨品质的影响,测定了果实的单果重、可溶性固形物含量、果点密度、可溶性糖、维生素C含量。得出结论如下:(1)新梨7号比较合适的授粉品种是鸭梨和黄冠。鸭梨授粉既可以显著提高单果重,较雪青和红香酥分别高3.34%和10.34%,又具有较高可溶性固形物含量,较比雪青和红香酥分别高5.25%和5.88%。黄冠梨授粉具有较高的果实硬度,可溶性固形物,维生素C含量。果实硬度较雪青梨和红香酥梨授粉果实分别高9.51%和10.11%,可溶性固形物含量较红香酥授粉果实高21.44%;维生素C含量较雪青梨和红香酥梨分别提高了9.54%和42.97%。(2)花后施尿素(NS)和史丹利复合肥(F)都显著提高了果实的单果重。施史丹利复合肥中,果实最大的处理是F200g/株,高于CK12.14%;尿素处理中NS150g/株,高于CK4.31%。史丹利复合肥和尿素对于梨果形指数,果点密度,可溶性固形物没有显著性影响。尿素四个处理都可以显著提高果实可溶性糖含量,最高的处理是NS100g/株。史丹利复合肥F200g可以显著提高果实可溶性糖含量。尿素处理中NS100g/株和NS150g/株的处理可以显著提高果实可滴定酸含量。施史丹利复合肥的四个处理F50g/株、F100g/株、F150g/株和F200g/株的果实可滴定酸含量,显著低于CK。复合肥和氮肥所有处理的维生素C含量显著低于CK。随施氮肥量的增加果实维生素C含量逐渐降低。(3)新梨7号套单层纸袋可以显著提高果实的单果重,高于CK15.60%;显著降低可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量,可溶性固形物的含量和果点密度,分别较CK降低低于CK为2.35%,22.29%,5.75%,15.84%。套两层纸袋可以显著提高单果重和硬度,分别高于CK为23.96%和14.42%。显著降低可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、果点密度、维生素C含量,分别较CK降低了27.31%,6.94%,15.84%,6.95%。套三层纸袋可以显著提高单果重,较CK提高了11.75%。显著降低可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量、果点密度、维生素C含量,分别低于CK为3.11%,18.13%,28.22%,12.88%。膜袋可以显著降低单果重,可溶性糖,可溶性固形物,分别较CK降低6.25%,3.54%,13.24%。套透光袋可以显著提高果实单果重和可溶性糖含量,分别高于CK13.39%,1.01%。显著降低果实维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量,果点密度,分别低于CK5.93%,8.04%,9.23%。综上所述,新梨7号不适合套纸袋,套纸袋在一定程度上提高了果实外观品质,但是会降低果实的内在品质,使果品质量下降。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the fruit quality and grade ratio of Xinli No. 7 fruit, the effects of different cultivation measures on the quality of Xinli No. 7 fruit were studied in Zhanghe Forest Farm, Hebei Province from 2015 to 2016. The effects of pollination, field fertilization and bagging on the quality of Xinli No. 7 pear were studied. The fruit weight, soluble solids content, fruit point density, soluble sugar and vitamin C content were measured. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the suitable pollination varieties of Xinli 7 are Yali pear and Huangguan. Pollination of Yali pear could increase the weight of single fruit by 3.34% and 10.34% higher than that of Xueqing and Red crispy respectively, and had higher soluble solids content, 5.25% and 5.88% higher than that of Xue Qing and Red crisp, respectively. The pollination of Huangguan pear has high fruit hardness, soluble solids and vitamin C content. The fruit hardness was 9.51% and 10.11% higher than that of Xueqing pear and Hongxiangshu pear, respectively, and the content of soluble solids was 21.44% higher than that of red crisp fruit. Compared with Xueqing pear and Hongxiang pear, the content of vitamin C increased by 9.54% and 42.97%, respectively. (2) after anthesis, urea (NS) and Stanley compound fertilizer (F) increased fruit weight significantly. In Stanley compound fertilizer, the largest fruit treatment is F200g/ strain, higher than CK12.14%; urea treatment NS150g/ plant, higher than CK4.31%. treatment. Stanley compound fertilizer and urea had no significant effects on fruit shape index, fruit point density and soluble solids. The content of soluble sugar in fruit was significantly increased by four treatments of urea, and the highest treatment was NS100g/ strain. Stanley compound fertilizer F 200 g can significantly increase the soluble sugar content of fruit. The treatment of NS100g/ strain and NS150g/ strain in urea treatment could significantly increase the titratable acid content of fruit. The titratable acid content of F50g/, F100g/, F150g/ and F200g/ in four treatments of Stanley compound fertilizer was significantly lower than that of CK.. The content of vitamin C in all treatments of compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was significantly lower than that of CK.. (3) the single layer paper bag of Xinli No. 7 could significantly increase the fruit weight per fruit, which was higher than that of CK15.60%;. The content of soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble solids and fruit point density were significantly lower than that of CK, respectively, and lower than that of CK by 2.35 ~ 22.29 and 5.75 ~ 15.845.The content of soluble sugar, vitamin C, soluble solids and fruit point density were significantly lower than that of CK, respectively. The single fruit weight and hardness were significantly increased by two layer paper bags, which were higher than CK by 23.96% and 14.42%, respectively. The content of soluble sugar, soluble solids, fruit density and vitamin C were decreased by 27.31% and 6.94%, respectively. The weight of single fruit was significantly increased by three-layer paper bag, which was 11. 75% higher than that of CK. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble solids, fruit density and vitamin C were significantly lower than that of CK (3.11%, 18.13%) and 28.22% 12.88% (P < 0.05). The single fruit weight, soluble sugar and soluble solids were decreased by 6.25% and 3.54% and 13.24%, respectively, compared with CK. The fruit weight per fruit and soluble sugar content were significantly increased by light permeable bag, respectively, which were higher than that of CK13.39%,1.01%.. The content of vitamin C, soluble solids and fruit point density were significantly lower than that of CK5.93%,8.04%,9.23%.. To sum up, Xinli No. 7 is not suitable for paper bag. The paper bag can improve the appearance quality of fruit to some extent, but it will reduce the internal quality of fruit and make the quality of fruit decline.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S661.2

【参考文献】