甲酸乙酯对微小害虫的作用
发布时间：2019-02-17 18:52
【摘要】：本课题研究了不同熏蒸温度及时间下,甲酸乙酯对三种常见扁谷盗(锈赤扁谷盗、长角扁谷盗与土耳其扁谷盗)和两种典型书虱(嗜卷书虱与嗜虫书虱)的熏蒸致死效果,比较了甲酸乙酯对不同试虫的熏蒸毒力。在模拟仓中,以空仓和小麦实仓两种方式对甲酸乙酯的熏蒸效果进行研究,并研究了甲酸乙酯在粮堆中的浓度变化及熏蒸后在粮食中的残留。研究结果如下:对于三种扁谷盗,甲酸乙酯表现出较好的熏蒸致死效果。在25oC熏蒸,熏蒸时间为24h时,在高熏蒸剂量33μL/L下,三种扁谷盗的校正死亡率分别为74.7%、60.4%和65.2%;熏蒸时间为48h,熏蒸剂浓度为30μL/L时,三种扁谷盗死亡率分别为78.3%、56.4%和70.5%。在熏蒸温度25oC下,24h熏蒸时,甲酸乙酯对三种扁谷盗LC50数据分别为28.44、30.68和29.70μL/L;而48h熏蒸时,毒力LC50数据分别为25.06、28.30和25.65μL/L。在熏蒸时长24h下,20oC熏蒸时,甲酸乙酯对扁谷盗毒力LC50数据分别为26.13、27.27和26.50μL/L;25oC时,毒力LC50数据分别为28.44、30.68和29.70μL/L;30oC时,毒力LC50数据分别为33.53、36.60和35.72μL/L。甲酸乙酯对嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱均有较好的致死效果。当熏蒸时间为24h,在高熏蒸剂量33μL/L下,两种书虱校正死亡率分别为76.7%和86.1%;当熏蒸时间为48h,熏蒸剂浓度为30μL/L时,两种书虱校正死亡率分别为89.3%和97.5%。随着熏蒸温度的升高,两种书虱的死亡率均呈现出下降趋势。对于这两种书虱,48h处理时的LC50值均低于24h。熏蒸24h时,对于嗜卷书虱,20oC、25oC和30oC的甲酸乙酯毒力LC50值分别为21.91、26.90和30.03μL/L;在这三温度下甲酸乙酯对嗜虫书虱的毒力LC50值分别为21.71、25.72和27.72μL/L。在模拟筒仓中设定浓度为70g/m3进行甲酸乙酯的空仓熏蒸效果实验。空仓熏蒸实验中,甲酸乙酯对仓内上、中、下层的5种试虫致死率达100%,熏蒸后各层甲酸乙酯在4~6h达到稳定。在各层浓度稳定后,仓内不同位置甲酸乙酯浓度顺序为:下层中层上层。在模拟筒仓中装不同粮高的小麦,甲酸乙酯浓度设定为70g/m3进行的熏蒸效果实验。对于低装粮高度(0.5m),甲酸乙酯熏蒸对5种试虫在仓中、上层的作用效果明显,致死率达100%。装粮高度增加后,仓内上层的致死率仍保持在100%,但下层存活比例逐渐增加。在粮堆中,甲酸乙酯浓度由高到低逐渐下降。熏蒸过程中,上层粮堆甲酸乙酯浓度在熏蒸初期下降较为迅速,但随后下降幅度逐渐减小。下层甲酸乙酯浓度非常低,且基本保持稳定。熏蒸后,,粮堆中甲酸乙酯残留量由高到低基本呈现出下降趋势,且同一水平高度上中心和仓壁的残留量差别较小。
[Abstract]:Under different fumigation temperature and time, the fumigation lethal effects of ethyl formate on three kinds of common flat grain thieves (Ruccinia rugosa, Scylla longifera and Thunb Turkish) and two typical book lice (book lice and insecticidal book lice) were studied in this paper. The fumigation toxicity of ethyl formate to different test insects was compared. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate was studied in the simulated warehouse by two ways: empty warehouse and wheat silo. The concentration change of ethyl formate in grain heap and the residue of ethyl formate in grain after fumigation were studied. The results are as follows: ethyl formate showed good fumigation lethal effect for the three kinds of Acanthopsis. Under the condition of 25oC fumigation and fumigation for 24 hours, the corrected mortality rates of the three kinds of Flatodon were 60.4% and 65.2% at high fumigation dose (33 渭 L / L), respectively. When the fumigation time was 48 hours and the concentration of fumigation was 30 渭 L / L, the mortality of the three species was 78.3% and 70.5%, respectively. Under the fumigation temperature 25oC, the LC50 data of ethyl formate to the three species were 28.4440.68 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, and the virulence LC50 data were 25.06 渭 L / L and 25.65 渭 L / L after 48 h fumigation, respectively. After 24 hours of fumigation and 20oC fumigation, the virulence LC50 data of ethyl formate were 28.44 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, when the LC50 data were 26.13 ~ 27.27 and 26.50 渭 L / L ~ 25oC, respectively. The virulence LC50 data of 30oC were 33.53 渭 L / L and 35.72 渭 L / L. Ethyl formate had a good lethal effect on both booklice and planthopper. When the fumigation time was 24 hours, the corrected mortality of the two species was 76.7% and 86.1%, respectively, at a high fumigation dose of 33 渭 L / L; When the fumigation time was 48 h and the fumigation concentration was 30 渭 L / L, the corrected mortality of the two species was 89.3% and 97.5%, respectively. With the increase of fumigation temperature, the mortality of both species showed a decreasing trend. For both species, the LC50 value of 48 h treatment was lower than 24 h. After fumigation for 24 hours, the LC50 values of ethyl formate virulence of 20oC 25oC and 30oC were 21.91 渭 L / L and 30.03 渭 L / L, respectively, and the LC50 values of the toxicity of ethyl formate to the lice were 21.71 渭 L / L and 27.72 渭 L / L, respectively. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate in empty silo was studied by setting the concentration of 70g/m3 in the simulated silo. In the experiment of fumigation in empty storehouse, the fatality rate of 5 kinds of test insects in the upper, middle and lower layers of the storehouse reached 100%, and the level of ethyl formate reached a stable level at 4 h after fumigation. After the concentration of each layer is stabilized, the order of the concentration of ethyl formate in different positions is as follows: the lower layer and the upper layer. The fumigation effect of wheat with different grain height in simulated silo was studied by setting the concentration of ethyl formate as 70g/m3. For the low grain height (0.5 m), the effect of ethyl formate fumigation on the five test insects in the silo was obvious, and the fatality rate was 100%. After the height of grain loading increased, the fatality rate of the upper layer remained at 100, but the survival ratio of the lower layer increased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate decreased gradually from high to low in the grain heap. During fumigation, the concentration of ethyl formate in the upper grain stack decreased rapidly at the beginning of fumigation, but then decreased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate in the lower layer was very low and remained stable. After fumigation, the residual amount of ethyl formate decreased from high to low, and the difference between center and silo wall was small at the same level.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S379.5
本文编号：2425481
[Abstract]:Under different fumigation temperature and time, the fumigation lethal effects of ethyl formate on three kinds of common flat grain thieves (Ruccinia rugosa, Scylla longifera and Thunb Turkish) and two typical book lice (book lice and insecticidal book lice) were studied in this paper. The fumigation toxicity of ethyl formate to different test insects was compared. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate was studied in the simulated warehouse by two ways: empty warehouse and wheat silo. The concentration change of ethyl formate in grain heap and the residue of ethyl formate in grain after fumigation were studied. The results are as follows: ethyl formate showed good fumigation lethal effect for the three kinds of Acanthopsis. Under the condition of 25oC fumigation and fumigation for 24 hours, the corrected mortality rates of the three kinds of Flatodon were 60.4% and 65.2% at high fumigation dose (33 渭 L / L), respectively. When the fumigation time was 48 hours and the concentration of fumigation was 30 渭 L / L, the mortality of the three species was 78.3% and 70.5%, respectively. Under the fumigation temperature 25oC, the LC50 data of ethyl formate to the three species were 28.4440.68 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, and the virulence LC50 data were 25.06 渭 L / L and 25.65 渭 L / L after 48 h fumigation, respectively. After 24 hours of fumigation and 20oC fumigation, the virulence LC50 data of ethyl formate were 28.44 渭 L / L and 29.70 渭 L / L, respectively, when the LC50 data were 26.13 ~ 27.27 and 26.50 渭 L / L ~ 25oC, respectively. The virulence LC50 data of 30oC were 33.53 渭 L / L and 35.72 渭 L / L. Ethyl formate had a good lethal effect on both booklice and planthopper. When the fumigation time was 24 hours, the corrected mortality of the two species was 76.7% and 86.1%, respectively, at a high fumigation dose of 33 渭 L / L; When the fumigation time was 48 h and the fumigation concentration was 30 渭 L / L, the corrected mortality of the two species was 89.3% and 97.5%, respectively. With the increase of fumigation temperature, the mortality of both species showed a decreasing trend. For both species, the LC50 value of 48 h treatment was lower than 24 h. After fumigation for 24 hours, the LC50 values of ethyl formate virulence of 20oC 25oC and 30oC were 21.91 渭 L / L and 30.03 渭 L / L, respectively, and the LC50 values of the toxicity of ethyl formate to the lice were 21.71 渭 L / L and 27.72 渭 L / L, respectively. The fumigation effect of ethyl formate in empty silo was studied by setting the concentration of 70g/m3 in the simulated silo. In the experiment of fumigation in empty storehouse, the fatality rate of 5 kinds of test insects in the upper, middle and lower layers of the storehouse reached 100%, and the level of ethyl formate reached a stable level at 4 h after fumigation. After the concentration of each layer is stabilized, the order of the concentration of ethyl formate in different positions is as follows: the lower layer and the upper layer. The fumigation effect of wheat with different grain height in simulated silo was studied by setting the concentration of ethyl formate as 70g/m3. For the low grain height (0.5 m), the effect of ethyl formate fumigation on the five test insects in the silo was obvious, and the fatality rate was 100%. After the height of grain loading increased, the fatality rate of the upper layer remained at 100, but the survival ratio of the lower layer increased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate decreased gradually from high to low in the grain heap. During fumigation, the concentration of ethyl formate in the upper grain stack decreased rapidly at the beginning of fumigation, but then decreased gradually. The concentration of ethyl formate in the lower layer was very low and remained stable. After fumigation, the residual amount of ethyl formate decreased from high to low, and the difference between center and silo wall was small at the same level.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S379.5
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