食用菌新害虫—泰纳异蚤蝇生活史及发生规律研究
发布时间：2019-02-19 18:45
【摘要】：本文对我国新纪录食用菌害虫——泰纳异蚤蝇Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney的各个虫态形态学特征、生物学习性进行了较详细的研究,并以沈阳市彰驿农业高新技术开发区食用菌种植园为例,调查了该种的发生规律及危害状况,并提出相应的防治建议。取得如下结果:泰纳异蚤蝇属于双翅目蚤蝇科。其主要特征为:前缘脉上有两列纤毛,数量分别为16根和17根。Sc脉色浅不明显。Rs基部处有一根长鬃,A1+Cu A1脉不明显。卵长度为0.20mm,宽0.10mm,乳白色。幼虫分三龄,一龄幼虫长1.60mm(1.50mm-1.93mm),宽0.34mm(0.30mm-0.48mm);二龄幼虫长2.54mm(1.92mm-2.85mm),宽0.52mm(0.47mm-0.56mm);三龄幼虫长3.35mm(2.83mm-3.41mm),宽0.68mm(0.54mm-0.70mm),幼虫呈白色,具有11体节。蛹长2.3mm(2.0mm-2.7mm),宽0.80mm(0.67mm-0.95mm),具一对呼吸角。颜色由棕黄色逐渐变为深褐色,羽化时,蛹前端环形裂开。该种在27℃时,生活周期为21-25d;其中,卵期1d;一龄幼虫1-2d,二龄幼虫2-3.5d,三龄幼虫3-4d;蛹期6-8d;雄性成虫4-6d;雌性成虫5-8d。在自然室温条件下,完成一代所需时间为20-23d;其中,卵期持续1d;一龄幼虫1-2d,二龄幼虫1.5-3d;三龄幼虫2.5-4d;蛹期6-7d;雄性成虫4-6d;雌性成虫5-7d。在沈阳发生期为9-11月。其爆发期和温度、湿度、平菇种植阶段等有很大关系。泰纳异蚤蝇对秋季平菇的危害多发生在10-30℃,在27℃时,虫量最大,优势度也最高,达到78.39%。当湿度达60%时,虫量最大;在不同的种植阶段,一茬菇时期,虫量最大,危害最为严重。根据泰纳异蚤蝇的发生规律,并结合该地区种植特点提出如下防治建议:(1)杀虫灵拌料:按每吨菌料拌200g杀虫灵进行配比拌料;(2)日光适时暴晒:布满幼虫菌包暴晒3-5天,可将大量幼虫杀死,使虫口密度大幅减小;(3)清水浸泡菌包:严重受害的菌包使用清水浸泡6-12小时,可将包内幼虫大量杀死。本文的创新点是:发现一种危害平菇种植的新害虫——泰纳异蚤蝇(M.tamilnaduensis Disney);对其生活史进行研究;摸清在沈阳地区的发生规律;提出相对有效的防治建议。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the morphological characteristics and biological learning characteristics of Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney, a newly recorded edible fungus pest in China, were studied in detail. The edible fungus plantation in Changyi Agricultural High-Tech Development Zone of Shenyang City was taken as an example. The occurrence law and harm condition of this species were investigated, and corresponding prevention and treatment suggestions were put forward. The results are as follows: the Tylenophora fly belongs to the family Diptera. The main features are as follows: there are two rows of cilia on the front vein, the number of them are 16 and 17, respectively. The color of Sc veins is not obvious. There is a long bristles at the base of Rs, and A 1 Cu A1 veins are not obvious. Egg length is 0.20mm, width is 0.10mm, milky white. The larva is divided into three stages, the first instar larva is long 1.60mm (1.50mm-1.93mm), the width 0.34mm (0.30mm-0.48mm), the second instar larva long 2.54mm (1.92mm-2.85mm), the width 0.52mm (0.47mm-0.56mm); The third instar larva has long 3.35mm (2.83mm-3.41mm) and wide 0.68mm (0.54mm-0.70mm). The larva is white and has 11 knots. The pupa has a long 2.3mm (2.0mm-2.7mm) and a wide 0.80mm (0.67mm-0.95mm) with a pair of respiratory angles. The color gradually changed from brown to dark brown. When emergence occurs, the front end of the pupa dehisces. The life cycle of this species is 21-25 days at 27 鈩，
本文编号：2426757
[Abstract]:In this paper, the morphological characteristics and biological learning characteristics of Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney, a newly recorded edible fungus pest in China, were studied in detail. The edible fungus plantation in Changyi Agricultural High-Tech Development Zone of Shenyang City was taken as an example. The occurrence law and harm condition of this species were investigated, and corresponding prevention and treatment suggestions were put forward. The results are as follows: the Tylenophora fly belongs to the family Diptera. The main features are as follows: there are two rows of cilia on the front vein, the number of them are 16 and 17, respectively. The color of Sc veins is not obvious. There is a long bristles at the base of Rs, and A 1 Cu A1 veins are not obvious. Egg length is 0.20mm, width is 0.10mm, milky white. The larva is divided into three stages, the first instar larva is long 1.60mm (1.50mm-1.93mm), the width 0.34mm (0.30mm-0.48mm), the second instar larva long 2.54mm (1.92mm-2.85mm), the width 0.52mm (0.47mm-0.56mm); The third instar larva has long 3.35mm (2.83mm-3.41mm) and wide 0.68mm (0.54mm-0.70mm). The larva is white and has 11 knots. The pupa has a long 2.3mm (2.0mm-2.7mm) and a wide 0.80mm (0.67mm-0.95mm) with a pair of respiratory angles. The color gradually changed from brown to dark brown. When emergence occurs, the front end of the pupa dehisces. The life cycle of this species is 21-25 days at 27 鈩，
本文编号：2426757
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