我国北方7省（市、区）土壤碳酸钙分布规律研究

发布时间：2019-03-02 11:10

【摘要】：碳酸钙在土壤剖面中的含量、淀积深度是判定土壤发育程度的重要标志和区分土壤类型的重要指标,钙积层更是土壤发育环境的信息库,可以用其重建古气候和古降水量。近年来随着全球气候的变化碳酸盐又被赋予了新的意义。本文依据土壤碳酸盐淋溶淀积和形成机制方面的研究,以黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北省、内蒙古自治区、北京和天津市等7个省(市、区)为研究区,通过野外调查,采集了处于不同气候(降水量和温度)条件的138个剖面和627个土壤发生层次的样品,在室内对采集土壤样品的碳酸钙含量等土壤理化性质进行了分析,利用GIS、SPSS和Microsoft Excel技术和软件对所得数据进行了处理,以《中国土壤系统分类检索》(第3版)中有关土壤诊断层和诊断特性划分标准为依据,判定了钙积层和石灰性等土壤诊断层和诊断特性,探讨了土壤碳酸钙含量、钙积层出现的深度及厚度的空间分布规律。以期为土壤调查分类和土壤类型的确定提供理论依据。结果如下:(1)在调查的138个土壤剖面中,无石灰反应的剖面数为61个,有石灰反应无钙积层形成的剖面数为42个,有钙积层形成的剖面数为35个,分别占样本总数的44.2%、30.4%和25.4%。钙积层中碳酸钙平均含量为171.8g/kg,最小值为61.8g/kg,最大值达到304.1 g/kg。土壤钙积层通常形成在1 m深度范围内,48.6%的土壤剖面钙积层出现深度范围为21～50 cm,平均出现深度为40 cm;钙积层的厚度分布在13～91 cm,平均厚度为35 cm。(2)土壤碳酸钙含量、钙积层出现的深度及厚度在地理空间上有明显的分布规律。无石灰反应(土壤碳酸钙淋洗彻底)的土壤剖面主要分布在嫩江、纳河、阿荣旗、龙江、阳原、泰来、长岭、科尔沁左旗后翼、库伦旗、敖汉旗、滦平、逐鹿一线的以东以南地区,该区域的年平均降水量为380mm～777mm,年平均温度范围为1℃～9℃;有石灰反应无钙积层的土壤剖面主要分布在嫩江、纳河、里昂溪区、泰来、突泉、扎鲁特旗、阿鲁科尔沁旗、翁牛特旗、围场、崇礼、和林格尔、伊金霍洛旗一线与嘉荫、南岔区、通河、尚志、舒兰、桦甸、柳河、新宾、台安、建昌、宽城、兴隆、易县、阜平、原平、兴县一线之间的地区,该区域的年平均降水量为334mm～963 mm,年平均温度范围为1℃～14℃;含钙积层的土壤剖面主要分布在海伦、望奎、双城、扶余、德惠、公主岭、梨树、科尔沁左翼右旗、奈曼旗、翁牛特旗、正蓝旗、正镶白旗、化德、察哈尔右翼后旗、和林格尔、磴口、巴音毛道一线以北以西地区,该区域的年平均降水量为134mm～508 mm,年平均温度范围为3℃～7℃。(3)统计分析表明,土壤剖面中钙积层碳酸钙含量和钙积层出现深度与年均降水量之间存在显著的函数关系。其中,钙积层中碳酸钙含量x(g/kg)与年平均降水量y(mm)服从线性关系y =-0.4748x +334.83,(r = 0.634,P0.01,n = 35);钙积层出现深度度x(mm)与年均降水量y(mm)之间符合如下幂函数关系:y = 138.88x~0.2893,(r =0.680,P0.01,n = 35)。
[Abstract]:The content of calcium carbonate in soil profile, deposition depth is an important indicator to determine the degree of soil development and to distinguish soil types. Calcium accumulation layer is the information base of soil development environment, which can be used to reconstruct paleoclimate and paleo-precipitation. In recent years, with the change of global climate, carbonate has been given new significance. Based on the study of leaching deposition and formation mechanism of soil carbonate, 7 provinces (cities, districts) of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, Beijing and Tianjin were selected as the study area. Soil physical and chemical properties such as calcium carbonate content of collected soil samples were analyzed in laboratory, and GIS, was used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil collected from 138 profiles and 627 levels of soil genesis under different climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature). The data were processed by SPSS and Microsoft Excel techniques and software, based on the classification criteria of soil diagnosis and diagnosis in the third edition of China soil system Classification and Retrieval (3rd Edition). The diagnostic and diagnostic characteristics of calcareous layer and calcareous soil were determined, and the spatial distribution of calcium carbonate content, depth and thickness of calcareous layer was discussed. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the classification of soil investigation and the determination of soil types. The results are as follows: (1) in 138 soil profiles investigated, the number of sections without lime reaction is 61, that with lime reaction is 42, and that with calcium accumulation is 35. They accounted for 44.2%, 30.4% and 25.4% of the total samples, respectively. The average calcium carbonate content in calcium accumulation is 171.8 g / kg, the minimum value is 61.8 g / kg, and the maximum value is 304.1 g / kg 路kg ~ (- 1). Soil calcium accumulation is usually formed in the depth of 1 m, and 48.6% of soil profiles have a depth of 21 / 50 cm, with an average depth of 40 cm;. The average thickness of the calcareous layer is 35 cm. (2) in 13 ~ 91 cm,. The depth and thickness of the calcareous layer are obviously distributed in the geographical space. The soil profiles of non-lime reaction (thoroughly washed with calcium carbonate in soil) are mainly distributed in Nenjiang, Nahe, Arong Banner, Longjiang, Yangyuan, Tailai, Changling, Horqin left Banner, Kulun Banner, Aohan Banner, Luanping, The average annual precipitation is 380mm ~ 777mm and the annual average temperature ranges from 1 鈩，

本文编号：2432993