硅含量对水稻防御稻纵卷叶螟的影响

发布时间：2019-03-02 14:34

【摘要】：本文以水稻TN1和稻纵卷叶螟为研究对象,研究了硅元素对稻纵卷叶螟产卵选择、幼虫趋性及水稻挥发物释放的影响,结果如下。采用水稻水培法,营养液设为含硅营养液(600mg/L)与无硅营养液,加硅处理水稻叶片硅含量为6137.10±328.66mg/kg,无硅处理水稻叶片硅含量为51.45土26.52mg/kg,两者间存在显著差异。采用笼罩法测定稻纵卷叶螟对加硅处理与无硅处理植株的产卵选择性,结果表明:稻纵卷叶螟成虫对两种处理植株的产卵选择没有显著差异,但在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫取食的植株上,成虫在加硅处理的水稻上着卵率显著高于不加硅处理。采用Y型嗅觉仪进行产卵选择性测定,结果表明,无论是无虫害的水稻还是虫害水稻,稻纵卷叶螟成虫在加硅处理或无硅处理植株上的产卵选择无显著差异。对Y型管支管内壁上的着卵量进行统计,比较每雌产卵量,表明在无虫害水稻上,无硅处理或加硅处理水稻气味对稻纵卷叶螟雌虫产卵量无显著影响;而对于虫害水稻,无硅处理或加硅处理水稻气味对雌虫产卵量存在显著影响,选择加硅处理水稻的雌虫,每雌产卵量显著高于不加硅处理水稻。利用Y型嗅觉仪研究水稻挥发物对稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫的趋性影响,处理包括无虫害加硅处理水稻与空白对照、无虫害无硅处理水稻与空白对照、无虫害加硅处理水稻与无虫害无硅处理水稻、稻纵卷叶螟为害加硅处理水稻与稻纵卷叶螟为害不加硅处理水稻。结果表明,3龄幼虫对水稻挥发物有显著的趋向性,而对不同处理水稻之间的趋向无显著差异。研究了无虫或稻纵卷叶螟为害下,加硅处理与不加硅处理水稻的挥发物情况,利用动态顶空收集法收集了不同处理水稻的挥发物,并用GC-MS对其进行分离、鉴定。结果表明,无虫害的无硅处理和加硅处理水稻,以及虫害的无硅处理和加硅处理水稻挥发物都包括烃类、酮类、醛类、烯类、芳香烃以及其他化合物。四个处理水稻植株的挥发物成分在种类上存在差异,而在释放总量上不存在差异,仅在虫害无硅处理植株挥发物中检测到水杨酸甲酯。综合以上实验结果,硅元素对稻纵卷叶螟在无虫或稻纵卷叶螟幼虫为害过的水稻上的产卵选择、幼虫趋性无显著影响。对于虫害水稻,硅含量对雌成虫产卵量及水稻挥发物释放存在显著影响,硅处理与无硅处理水稻间挥发物的成分及一些成分的释放量存在差异,这些差异可能在一定程度上抑制稻纵卷叶螟雌成虫的产卵。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of silicon on the oviposition selection, larval chemotaxis and volatiles release of rice leaf roller (TN1) and rice leaf roller (Oryza oryzae) were studied. The silicon content of rice leaves was 6137.10 卤328.66 mg / kg and 51.45 卤26.52 mg 路kg ~ (- 1) of silicon-free solution and silicon-containing nutrient solution (600mg/L) and silicon-free solution, respectively, by the method of rice water culture, and the silicon content of rice leaves treated with silicon was 6137.10 卤328.66 mg / kg and 51.45 卤26.52 mg 路kg ~ (- 1), respectively. There was significant difference between them. The oviposition selectivity of rice leaf roller to silicon treatment and silicon-free treatment was determined by cage cover method. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the oviposition selection of rice leaf roller adults between the two treatments, and the results showed that there was no significant difference in the oviposition selection between the two treatments. However, on the plants fed by rice leaf roller larvae, the adult oviposition rate on rice treated with silicon was significantly higher than that without silicon treatment. A Y-type olfactometer was used to determine the oviposition selectivity. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the oviposition selection of rice leaf roller adults in silicon-added or silicon-free plants, regardless of whether they were pest-free or pest-free rice. The number of eggs laid on the inner wall of Y-type branch tube was compared. The results showed that there was no significant effect on the oviposition quantity of the female leaf roller borer on the non-infestation rice treated with silicon-free or silicon-free treatment. For the pest-infested rice, the smell of rice treated with silicon-free or silicon-free treatment had a significant effect on the oviposition of female worms, and the oviposition amount per female treated with silicon was significantly higher than that of rice without silicon treatment. The effect of rice volatiles on the third instar larvae of rice leaf roller was studied by Y-type olfactometer. The treatments included pest-free and silicon-free treatment of rice and blank control, no pest-free treatment of rice and blank control, and no-infestation and silicon-free treatment of rice and blank control. Pest-free rice and non-infestation-free rice were treated with silicon, rice leaf roller was harmful to silicon treatment and rice was not damaged by silicon-free leaf roller (Oryza suppressalis) and rice (Oryza sativa) were treated with silicon. The results showed that the 3rd instar larvae had a significant tendency to rice volatiles, but there was no significant difference between different treatments. The volatiles of rice treated with and without silicon were studied in this paper. The volatiles of different treatments were collected by dynamic headspace collection method and separated and identified by GC-MS. The results showed that the pest-free and silicon-free treatment of rice, as well as the pest-free and silicon-free treatment of rice volatiles included hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons and other compounds. The volatile components of the four treatments were different in species, but there was no difference in the total release amount. Methyl salicylate was detected only in the volatiles of rice plants treated with no silicon. According to the above results, the silicon element had no significant effect on the oviposition selection and larval tendency of the rice leaf roller, which was damaged by the insect-free or the rice leaf roller larvae, and had no significant effect on the larval chemotaxis of the rice leaf roller. For the pest-infested rice, the silicon content had a significant effect on the oviposition of the female adult and the release of the rice volatiles, and there were differences in the volatile components and some components between the silicon treatment and the silicon-free treatment, and there was a significant difference between the silicon treatment and the silicon-free treatment. These differences may inhibit the oviposition of female adult rice leaf roller to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.112.1

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