羊肚菌栽培中碳氮利用及重金属、氯化物对菌丝体的影响研究

发布时间：2019-03-13 21:27

【摘要】：羊肚菌是一类珍稀食用菌,现其人工栽培是学术研究和食用菌行业中的热点。本试验主要研究在羊肚菌栽培过程中羊肚菌对菌种培养料和营养料袋中碳、氮元素的利用状况,以及重金属和氯化物对羊肚菌菌丝生长的影响。本试验首次采用稳定同位素示踪技术在羊肚菌碳、氮元素利用状况方面进行研究。试验研究结果如下:1.在羊肚菌大田栽培过程中对菌种培养料和营养料袋中的碳元素、氮元素都有利用。它们不仅用于土壤中菌丝体的营养生长,也积累在羊肚菌子实体中。羊肚菌子实体对营养料袋中总料及碳、氮都有很高的利用率,分别达到了69.9%、72.3%和40.0%。营养料袋中营养物利用率越高,羊肚菌产量也越高。羊肚菌栽培中,营养料袋是不可或缺的。2.在重金属对羊肚菌菌丝生长影响试验中,低浓度1.0~20.0mg/L条件下,6种重金属离子对羊肚菌菌丝生长都有促进作用,最大促进率38.3%,最小促进率2.1%。高浓度50.0~100.0 mg/L条件下,除Cd2+外的5种重金属离子对羊肚菌菌丝生长有促进作用,最大促进率54.7%。Cd2+最大抑制率为76.1%。Mn2+和Cu2+对羊肚菌菌丝生长促进效果最好,离子浓度越大,促进作用越强。除Mn2+、Cu2+和Cd2+外,其他重金属离子作用下羊肚菌最佳菌核生成和菌丝菌丝最浓的试验浓度都低于菌落生长最佳试验浓度,表明较佳的生长条件下羊肚菌更倾向于菌丝生长而非生成菌核。3.在氯化物对羊肚菌菌丝生长影响试验中,试验浓度内,4种氯化物对羊肚菌菌丝生长都有抑制作用。低浓度0.2~1.0g/L条件下,NaCl和KCl对羊肚菌菌丝生长的抑制作用较弱,抑制率为5.9%和6.1%。高浓度2.0~20.0 g/L条件下,4种氯化物对羊肚菌菌丝生长抑制都非常强,最高抑制率为100%。多数浓度下NH4Cl对羊肚菌菌丝生长的抑制最强,而KCl最弱。0.2g/L NaCl是唯一对羊肚菌菌丝生长不具有抑制作用的试验氯化物浓度。NH4Cl所有试验浓度,都无菌核形成。KCl和CaCl2作用下,羊肚菌最佳菌核生成和菌丝最浓的试验浓度都低于菌落生长最佳试验浓度。
[Abstract]:Morchella esculentum is a kind of rare edible fungi, and its artificial cultivation is a hot spot in academic research and edible fungi industry. The purpose of this study was to study the utilization of carbon and nitrogen in the culture medium and nutrient bag of Morchella, and the effects of heavy metals and chloride on the mycelium growth of Morchella. For the first time, stable isotope tracer technique was used to study the utilization of carbon and nitrogen elements. The experimental results are as follows: 1. In the field cultivation of Morchella esculentum, the carbon and nitrogen elements in the culture material and nutrient bag were used. They are not only used for the vegetative growth of soil mycelium, but also accumulated in the fruiting body. The utilization rate of total material, carbon and nitrogen in the vegetative bag was very high, which reached 66.9%, 72.3% and 40.0%, respectively. The higher the nutrient utilization rate in the nutrition bag, the higher the yield of Morchella. Nutrition bag is indispensable in the cultivation of Morchella. 2. In the experiment of the effect of heavy metal on the mycelium growth of Morchella, under the condition of low concentration of 1.0~20.0mg/L, all the six heavy metal ions promoted the mycelial growth of Morchella, the maximum promoting rate was 38.3%, the minimum promoting rate was 2.1%. At high concentration of 50. 0. 0. 0 mg/L, 5 kinds of heavy metal ions, except Cd2, promoted the mycelium growth of Morchella. The maximum promoting rate of 54.7%.Cd2 was 76.1%.Mn2 and Cu2, which had the best effect on the growth of Morchella mycelium. The higher the ion concentration, the stronger the promoting effect. Except for Mn2, Cu2 and Cd2, the optimum concentration of sclerotia formation and mycelium concentration of Morchella under the action of heavy metal ions was lower than that of colony growth. It shows that Morchella is more likely to grow hyphae than sclerotinia under better growth conditions. 3. In the experiment of the effect of chlorides on the mycelium growth of Morchella, four kinds of chlorides inhibited the growth of Morchella mycelium within the test concentration. Under the condition of low concentration of 0.2~1.0g/L, the inhibition rates of NaCl and KCl on mycelium growth of Morchella were 5.9% and 6.1%, respectively. Under the condition of high concentration 2.0 g / L and 20.0 g / L, the four chlorides inhibited the mycelial growth of Morchella very strongly, and the highest inhibition rate was 100%. At most concentrations, NH4Cl inhibited the growth of Morchella mycelium most strongly, while KCl was the weakest. 0.2g / L NaCl was the only experimental chloride concentration which had no inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of Morchella. All the tested concentrations of NH4Cl were found to have no inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of Morchella. Under the action of KCl and CaCl2, the optimum concentration of sclerotia formation and mycelium concentration of Morchella was lower than that of colony growth.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S646.7

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