作物宽垄沟灌耗水特性试验与模糊评判研究

发布时间：2019-03-15 15:47

【摘要】：本文根据2013-2014年田间试验数据、理论研究和数学分析相结合的技术路线,对不同种植模式条件下夏玉米和冬小麦的生理生态特性、耗水特性和产量进行了常规分析研究,并采用模糊数学方法对一年的试验结果进行了分析验证。主要研究内容为:(1)与常规种植模式相比,宽垄种植模式下的冬小麦和夏玉米的生育期都有延迟,这为冬小麦和夏玉米的最终产量增加奠定了一定的基础。在种植方式一定的情况下,冬小麦和夏玉米的株高和叶面积随着水分控制下限的提高而相应的增大,即冬小麦和夏玉米的株高和叶面积与试验处理的水分控制下限有着正相关的关系。当水分控制下限一定时,较之常规种植模式,宽垄沟灌的种植条件下的冬小麦和夏玉米的株高和叶面积都比较高。冬小麦的产量最大的处理是宽垄种植模式下L-80,达到了8092.5kg/hm2;夏玉米的产量最大的处理是宽垄种植模式下L-70,达到了7703.39kg/hm2。(2)当水分处理条件相同时,宽垄沟灌处理的冬小麦和夏玉米耗水量均低于常规沟灌处理;当种植模式相同时,水分控制下限越高的处理,冬小麦和夏玉米的耗水量越大。宽垄种植模式条件下,3种水分处理的水分生产效率较常规常规种植高。综上可知,宽垄种植模式优于常规种植模式。当种植条件下可灌溉利用水资源较为匮乏的时候,可采取节约灌溉水量、牺牲一部分产量的种植灌溉方式,即水分处理为60%的宽垄种植(WFI-60);当种植条件下可灌溉利用水资源充足时,可采取保证产量、牺牲水量的种植灌溉方式,即水分处理为70%的宽垄种植(WFI-70)。(3)为了研究模糊数学在冬小麦、夏玉米耗水特性和产量方面的应用,本文采用改进的模糊综合评判模型,综合评价了冬小麦和夏玉米不同生育阶段耗水量、产量构成因素对种植方式和沟灌方式的响应。结果表明:宽垄种植条件下,冬小麦的水分生产效率较常规种植高,其中水分处理为田间持水量80%的宽垄种植处理的水分生产效率最高(1.92 kg/m3),水分处理为田间持水量60%的常规种植处理的最低(1.64 kg/m3)。与模糊综合评判法相比较,两者吻合性较好。冬小麦产量随着水分控制下限的提高而提高,夏玉米产量随着水分控制下限的提高而呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,其对应的模糊综合评判结果与实际产量相一致。因此,冬小麦、夏玉米的耗水和量因素的模糊综合评判结果与大田试验结果吻合度较高。表明该方法适用于节水灌溉效应的评判研究,可为节水灌溉试验结果评价提供科学借鉴。
[Abstract]:The physiological and ecological characteristics, water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize and winter wheat under different planting patterns were studied on the basis of field experiment data, theoretical research and mathematical analysis in 2013-2014. The test results for one year are analyzed and verified by using fuzzy mathematics method. The main contents are as follows: (1) compared with the conventional planting mode, the growth period of winter wheat and summer maize under wide ridge planting mode is delayed, which lays a foundation for the increase of final yield of winter wheat and summer maize. Under certain planting patterns, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize increased with the increase of the lower limit of water control. That is, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize have a positive correlation with the lower limit of water control. When the lower limit of water control is fixed, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize under the condition of wide ridge irrigation and furrow irrigation are higher than that of conventional planting mode. The maximum yield of winter wheat was under wide ridge planting mode, which reached 8092.5 kg / hm ~ 2; The maximum yield of summer maize was under wide ridge planting mode, which reached 7703.39 kg 路h ~ 2 路(2) the water consumption of winter wheat and summer maize treated by wide ridge furrow irrigation was lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation treatment when the water treatment conditions were the same, and the yield of winter wheat and summer maize under wide ridge furrow irrigation was lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation. When the planting pattern is the same, the higher the lower limit of water control, the greater the water consumption of winter wheat and summer corn. Under the condition of wide ridge planting mode, the water production efficiency of three kinds of water treatment was higher than that of conventional planting. On the whole, the broad ridge planting mode is better than the conventional planting mode. When the irrigation water resources are scarce under the condition of planting, the irrigation method can be used to save irrigation water and sacrifice some yield, that is, 60% wide ridge planting (WFI-60) with water treatment; When sufficient water resources can be used for irrigation under planting conditions, the planting irrigation mode of ensuring yield and sacrificing water quantity can be adopted, that is, wide ridge planting (WFI-70). (3) with 70% water treatment in order to study the application of fuzzy mathematics in winter wheat. Based on the application of water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize, an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the response of water consumption and yield components of winter wheat and summer maize at different growth stages to planting mode and furrow irrigation mode. The results showed that the water production efficiency of winter wheat under the condition of wide ridge planting was higher than that of conventional planting, and the water production efficiency of wide ridge planting treatment with 80% water capacity in the field was the highest (1.92 kg/m3). Water treatment was the lowest (1.64 kg/m3) in conventional planting treatment with 60% water capacity in the field. Compared with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the two methods are in good agreement. The yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of the lower limit of water control, and the yield of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of the lower limit of water control. The corresponding fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results were consistent with the actual yield. Therefore, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of water consumption and quantity factors of winter wheat and summer maize are in good agreement with the results of field experiment. It is shown that the method is suitable for evaluating the effect of water-saving irrigation and can be used for scientific reference to evaluate the experimental results of water-saving irrigation.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S512.11;S513

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