几种农药助剂在植物表面渗透吸收作用的研究
发布时间：2019-03-19 18:26
【摘要】：植物角质膜位于植物最外层,能防止植物体内水分和养分的流失、调节植物体内外气体交换和阻止外界污染物进入植物体内等。总之植物角质膜对植物有很重要的保护作用。但是由于植物角质膜的存在,当对作物喷施叶面肥、杀虫剂、除草剂等的时候,植物角质膜使植物对它们吸收效率大大降低。那么如何解决这一问题呢?植物表面活性剂能够改变植物角质膜的渗透性能,增加植物对植物保护剂、叶面肥和生长调节剂的吸收率。本研究选择三种农药助剂,对其在植物角质膜上的渗透吸收作用进行了研究,其目的就是全面掌握农药助剂在植物角质膜上渗透吸收作用,为进一步筛选和研发高效农药助剂新种类提供理论基础。本文通过农药助剂与拌种剂混合拌种的实验,探讨所选择的几种助剂对小麦种子发芽的影响,并筛选出能提高拌种剂处理的小麦发芽率的农药助剂的种类及最佳使用浓度,解决处理拌种剂对小麦发芽存在影响的问题;通过几种助剂在活体小麦和离体角质膜上的渗透实验,分析助剂在植物表面的渗透吸收过程,探讨提取和测定方法,了解农药助剂喷施后在植物表面的渗透量随时间和浓度的变化趋势。通过本研究得出以下结果:(1)所选用的几种农药助剂对用井岗霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌和吡虫啉两种农药混合拌种的小麦发芽有促进作用,其中DBS、DES和TBP对小麦的发芽均有促进作用。浓度为40mg/L的DES在对小麦的发芽势和发芽率均达到了最好的促进效果,此时的发芽势为66%,发芽率为89%。(2)农药助剂DES和TBP的测定采用气相色谱法,色谱条件:DB-5ht型毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.1μm×0.32mm),FID检测器,DES气化室温度306℃,检测器温度320℃,柱流量2.00ml/min;TBP气化室温度300℃,检测器温度310℃,柱流量1.00ml/min,两者都采用分流进样,分流比20,进样体积1.0μL,均为程序性升温。从植物样本中分离提取助剂DES和TBP选择正己烷作为溶剂,采用超声辅助萃取提取法效果较好:超声时间15min,超声温度25℃,无水硫酸钠除水。(3)在小麦叶片,不同浓度的TBP在24h时渗透量最大,随时间延长TBP渗透量逐渐减小;不同时间农药助剂的渗透量随浓度增加逐渐增大;在离体角质膜上TBP和DES均在72h时渗透量达到最大;随助剂浓度的增大,不同时间的助剂渗透量变化为逐渐升高。以上研究结果可为进一步研究农药助剂的渗透作用机理及新型助剂的研发提供依据,同时可为农药助剂的提取和测定方法的进一步研究提供参考,为农药的高效利用奠定一定基础。
[Abstract]:The horny membrane is located in the outermost layer of the plant, which can prevent the loss of water and nutrients in the plant, regulate the gas exchange inside and outside the plant, and prevent the external pollutants from entering the plant and so on. In a word, the horny membrane of plants plays an important role in the protection of plants. However, due to the existence of plant keratinocytes, when foliar fertilizer, insecticides, herbicides and so on were sprayed on crops, the absorption efficiency of plant to them was greatly reduced by plant keratinocytes. So how do we solve this problem? Plant surfactants can change the permeability of plant keratin membranes and increase plant absorptivity to plant protectants leaf fertilizers and growth regulators. In this study, three kinds of pesticide auxiliaries were selected to study the osmosis and absorption of pesticide auxiliaries on plant keratinocytes. The purpose of this study was to master the permeation and absorption of pesticide auxiliaries on plant keratinocytes in an all-round way. It provides a theoretical basis for the further screening and development of new kinds of high-efficiency pesticide auxiliaries. In this paper, the effects of selected auxiliaries on the germination of wheat seeds were discussed through the experiment of mixing pesticide and seed dressing agents, and the kinds and optimum concentration of pesticide auxiliaries which could improve the germination rate of wheat seeds treated with seed dressing agents were screened, and the effects of these additives on the germination of wheat seeds were studied. To solve the problem of the effect of seed dressing on wheat germination; The permeation process of several auxiliaries on the surface of wheat and keratinocytes in vitro was analyzed and the extraction and determination methods were discussed by means of the permeation experiments of several auxiliaries on wheat in vivo and on the keratinocytes in vitro. To understand the change trend of penetration amount on plant surface with time and concentration after spraying pesticide additives. The results are as follows: (1) the selected pesticide auxiliaries can promote the germination of wheat seeds mixed with Bacillus subtilis and imidacloprid, in which DBS, Both DES and TBP promoted the germination of wheat. DES with the concentration of 40mg/L had the best promoting effect on the germination potential and percentage of wheat, the germination potential was 66% and the germination rate was 89%. (2) the determination of DES and TBP was carried out by gas chromatography. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: DB- 5htcapillary column (30 m 脳 0.1 渭 m 脳 0.32mm), FID), DES chamber temperature 306 鈩，
本文编号：2443777
[Abstract]:The horny membrane is located in the outermost layer of the plant, which can prevent the loss of water and nutrients in the plant, regulate the gas exchange inside and outside the plant, and prevent the external pollutants from entering the plant and so on. In a word, the horny membrane of plants plays an important role in the protection of plants. However, due to the existence of plant keratinocytes, when foliar fertilizer, insecticides, herbicides and so on were sprayed on crops, the absorption efficiency of plant to them was greatly reduced by plant keratinocytes. So how do we solve this problem? Plant surfactants can change the permeability of plant keratin membranes and increase plant absorptivity to plant protectants leaf fertilizers and growth regulators. In this study, three kinds of pesticide auxiliaries were selected to study the osmosis and absorption of pesticide auxiliaries on plant keratinocytes. The purpose of this study was to master the permeation and absorption of pesticide auxiliaries on plant keratinocytes in an all-round way. It provides a theoretical basis for the further screening and development of new kinds of high-efficiency pesticide auxiliaries. In this paper, the effects of selected auxiliaries on the germination of wheat seeds were discussed through the experiment of mixing pesticide and seed dressing agents, and the kinds and optimum concentration of pesticide auxiliaries which could improve the germination rate of wheat seeds treated with seed dressing agents were screened, and the effects of these additives on the germination of wheat seeds were studied. To solve the problem of the effect of seed dressing on wheat germination; The permeation process of several auxiliaries on the surface of wheat and keratinocytes in vitro was analyzed and the extraction and determination methods were discussed by means of the permeation experiments of several auxiliaries on wheat in vivo and on the keratinocytes in vitro. To understand the change trend of penetration amount on plant surface with time and concentration after spraying pesticide additives. The results are as follows: (1) the selected pesticide auxiliaries can promote the germination of wheat seeds mixed with Bacillus subtilis and imidacloprid, in which DBS, Both DES and TBP promoted the germination of wheat. DES with the concentration of 40mg/L had the best promoting effect on the germination potential and percentage of wheat, the germination potential was 66% and the germination rate was 89%. (2) the determination of DES and TBP was carried out by gas chromatography. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: DB- 5htcapillary column (30 m 脳 0.1 渭 m 脳 0.32mm), FID), DES chamber temperature 306 鈩，
本文编号：2443777
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