向日葵黑茎病病菌鉴定及种质资源抗性筛选

发布时间：2019-03-19 20:16

【摘要】：向日葵黑茎病是一种国内新发现的病害,造成产量和品质严重损失,已成为阻碍向日葵产业发展的关键因素之一。本研究对部分向日葵主产区采集到的病原菌进行了分离和鉴定。同时对病原菌生物学特性和菌株的致病力以及向日葵种质资源的抗性进行了分析研究,为进一步开展向日葵抗黑茎病的育种提供依据。本论文主要研究结论如下:1.从吉林、内蒙古、新疆、河北向日葵黑茎病发生严重的地块采集有典型症状的34个病株进行了病原物分离,通过组织分离法获得18个菌株。分离和鉴定结果表明:经鉴定引起吉林、内蒙古、新疆、河北地区的18个向日葵菌株的生物学特性与致病性,该菌为麦氏茎点霉(Phoma macdonalddii Boerema)。2.致病性研究表明:YS04、HJB、ZJK-2,BC202致病力相对较强,症状表现为侵染快、发病早、茎秆黑色病斑症状严重;88-1k、WLH3、ZJK-9致病力相对较弱,症状表现为发病较晚,茎秆黑色病斑症状较轻;ZJK-10、ZJK-8、88-5h、BJ2、88-2h、HJC、JBL4、ZJK-12、ZJK-5、WZ15 和 BC202 致病力弱,侵染慢,发病迟缓,茎秆黑色病斑症状轻。3.不同向日葵种质资源抗性研究表明:本试验中所筛选的不同向日葵种质资源中132083、132088、131023三个向日葵材料的抗性接近抗病对照品种(JK103),其余的48个供试材料及非抗对照品种LD5009属于易感的向日葵种质资源。4.通过比较52个供试向日葵种质资源的防御酶活性发现,抗性不同的向口葵种质资源间,其防御酶活性的变化趋势存在差异。其中供试向日葵材料132083、132088、131023的防御性酶活性接近于抗病对照品种(JK103),其余供试材料的POD、SOD、CAT的相对含量均低于感病对照品种(LD5009),发病病斑症状都比感病对照品种LD5009要大且严重。因此,这些材料是比感病对照品种(LD5009)更感的材料。即:132083、132088、131023三个向日葵材料的抗性接近抗病对照品种(JK103),其余的供试材料都属于高感的向日葵种质资源。研究结果表明,防御酶抗性鉴定的结果和病斑鉴定的趋势是一致的,因而防御酶活性测定可以用于向日葵抗黑茎病材料的筛选。
[Abstract]:Sunflower black stem disease is a newly discovered disease in China, which results in serious loss of yield and quality, and has become one of the key factors hindering the development of sunflower industry. In this study, the pathogenic bacteria collected from the main producing areas of sunflower were isolated and identified. At the same time, the biological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria, pathogenicity of strains and resistance of sunflower germplasm resources were analyzed and studied in order to provide basis for further breeding of sunflower resistance to black stem disease. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Pathogens were isolated from 34 plants with typical symptoms of sunflower black stem disease in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Hebei Province, and 18 strains were obtained by tissue isolation. The results of isolation and identification showed that the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of 18 sunflower strains from Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and Hebei were identified as (Phoma macdonalddii Boerema). 2. The pathogenicity study showed that the pathogenicity of YS04,HJB,ZJK-2,BC202 was relatively strong, and the symptoms were rapid infection, early onset and severe black lesion of stem. 88 kg, WLH 3, ZJKK 9 had relatively weak pathogenicity, the symptoms were late onset and stem black spot symptom was milder than that of WLH 3 and ZJK 9. The pathogenicity of WLH 3 and ZJK 9 was relatively weak. The pathogenicity of ZJK-10,ZJK-8,88-5h,BJ2,88-2h,HJC,JBL4,ZJK-12,ZJK-5,WZ15 and BC202 is weak, the infection is slow, the disease is slow, the symptom of black spot of stem is light. 3. The study on the resistance of different sunflower germplasm resources showed that the resistance of 132083, 132088, 131023 were similar to the resistant control variety (JK103), and the resistance of different sunflower germplasm resources was 132083, 132088 and 131023 respectively, and the resistance of them was similar to that of the resistant control variety (JK103). The remaining 48 tested materials and non-resistant control variety LD5009 belong to susceptible sunflower germplasm. 4. By comparing the defensive enzyme activity of 52 tested sunflower germplasm resources, it was found that the change trend of defensive enzyme activity was different among different resistant sunflower germplasm resources. The defensive enzyme activities of the tested sunflower materials 132083, 132088 and 131023 were similar to those of the resistant control variety (JK103), and the relative content of POD,SOD,CAT in the other materials was lower than that of the susceptible control variety (LD5009). The symptom of disease spot was bigger and more serious than that of susceptible control variety LD5009. Therefore, these materials are more susceptible than susceptible control varieties (LD5009). The resistance of three sunflower materials (132083, 132088, 131023) was close to the resistant control variety (JK103), and the others belonged to the high susceptible germplasm resources of sunflower. The results showed that the results of resistance identification of defensive enzymes were consistent with the trend of spot identification, so the assay of defensive enzyme activity could be used to screen sunflower resistant materials to black stem disease.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.65

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