刈割对大针茅草地群落特征及牧草产量和品质的影响
发布时间：2019-04-24 04:29
【摘要】：刈割(Mowing)是人类干扰和利用草地的方式之一,通过移除植物的地上部分,影响植物生长繁殖,进而对草地生产力、物种多样性产生一定的影响,最终影响草地生态系统稳定。天然割草场(打草)是大针茅典型草原的一种利用方式,对维持草地家畜的生产发展,解决冬春饲草不足具有重要的作用,合理的刈割利用对促进草地健康和可持续发展有积极的作用。本研究设计不同刈割时间(8月1日刈割、8月16日刈割和8月31日刈割)和刈割强度(留茬2cm、留茬5cm、留茬8cm和不刈割对照)两因素随机区组试验,在分析草地群落特征、物种多样性、草地牧草产量和品质的基础上,探讨大针茅草原的合理刈割方式,为割草场的合理利用提出依据。主要结果如下:1.刈割降低了草地群落和多年丛生禾草植物地上净初级生产力(p0.05),但提高了多年生杂类草和一、二年生植物的净初级生产力(p0.05)。随着刈割时间的推后、刈割强度的增大,群落中禾草比例逐渐降低,杂类草比例逐渐增多。2.刈割提高了群落根冠比(p0.05),且随刈割强度增大而增大,同时年降水较低时,更有助于这一趋势增加。年降水较高年份,植物趋向于向地上权衡,而年降水较少时,植物向地下权衡,刈割强度的增加可以使植物由向地上权衡转为向地下权衡。3.物种丰富度随刈割强度的增大而增加(p0.05),短期刈割群落物种丰富度的提高得益于群落中一、二年生植物丰富度的增加。4.降水较多年份,牧草产量随刈割时间推后而逐渐增多,降水较少年份则为相反的趋势,牧草粗蛋白随刈割时间的推后、刈割强度的增加而降低(p0.05)。综合考虑短期刈割对草地生产力、物种多样性、牧草产量和品质的影响,降水较多年份,割草时间在八月下旬为宜,降水较少年份刈割时间八月中旬较好,留茬高度为5-8 cm可以获得兼顾牧草质量和品质的优质牧草,且对于草地的可持续发展有一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:Mowing (Mowing) is one of the ways of human disturbance and utilization of grassland. By removing the aboveground parts of plants, affecting plant growth and reproduction, it has a certain effect on grassland productivity and species diversity, and finally affects the stability of grassland ecosystem. Natural mowing field is a kind of utilization mode of typical steppe of Stipa grandis. It plays an important role in maintaining the production and development of grassland livestock and solving the shortage of forage in winter and spring. Rational mowing and utilization play a positive role in promoting grassland health and sustainable development. In this study, two random block trials with different cutting time (1 August, 16 August and 31 August) and cutting intensity (stubble 2 cm, stubble 5 cm, stubble 8cm and no cutting control) were designed. The characteristics of grassland community were analyzed. On the basis of species diversity, grass yield and quality, the rational mowing methods of Stipa grandis grassland were discussed in order to provide the basis for the rational utilization of grassland. The main results are as follows: 1. Mowing reduced the net primary productivity (p0.05) of grassland communities and multi-year-old grass plants, but increased the net primary productivity of perennial hybrid grass and one-and two-year plants (p0.05). With the delay of cutting time and the increase of cutting intensity, the proportion of grasses in the community decreased gradually, and the proportion of mixed grasses gradually increased. 2. Cutting increased the ratio of root to shoot (p0.05), and increased with the increase of cutting intensity. At the same time, the annual precipitation was lower, which contributed to the increase of the trend. In the year with higher annual precipitation, plants tend to trade-off to the ground, but when the annual precipitation is less, the plant tradeoffs to the ground, and the increase of mowing intensity can make the plants change from the above-ground trade-off to the underground tradeoff. Species richness increased with the increase of mowing intensity (p0.05). The increase of species richness in short-term mowing communities was due to the increase of the richness of primary and biennial plants in the community. 4. In the years with more precipitation, the forage yield gradually increased with the delay of cutting time, while the trend was opposite in less precipitation years. The crude protein of forage decreased with the increase of cutting intensity (p0.05) with the delay of cutting time and the increase of cutting intensity (p0.05). The yield of forage decreased with the increase of cutting time (p0.05). Taking into account the effects of short-term mowing on grassland productivity, species diversity, forage yield and quality, it was found that the best mowing time was in late August and in the middle of August in the year with more precipitation, and the cutting time in the middle of August was better in the year with less precipitation than that in mid-August. The stubble height of 5 ~ 8 cm can obtain high quality forage with both quality and quality, and it can promote the sustainable development of grassland to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812
本文编号：2464106
[Abstract]:Mowing (Mowing) is one of the ways of human disturbance and utilization of grassland. By removing the aboveground parts of plants, affecting plant growth and reproduction, it has a certain effect on grassland productivity and species diversity, and finally affects the stability of grassland ecosystem. Natural mowing field is a kind of utilization mode of typical steppe of Stipa grandis. It plays an important role in maintaining the production and development of grassland livestock and solving the shortage of forage in winter and spring. Rational mowing and utilization play a positive role in promoting grassland health and sustainable development. In this study, two random block trials with different cutting time (1 August, 16 August and 31 August) and cutting intensity (stubble 2 cm, stubble 5 cm, stubble 8cm and no cutting control) were designed. The characteristics of grassland community were analyzed. On the basis of species diversity, grass yield and quality, the rational mowing methods of Stipa grandis grassland were discussed in order to provide the basis for the rational utilization of grassland. The main results are as follows: 1. Mowing reduced the net primary productivity (p0.05) of grassland communities and multi-year-old grass plants, but increased the net primary productivity of perennial hybrid grass and one-and two-year plants (p0.05). With the delay of cutting time and the increase of cutting intensity, the proportion of grasses in the community decreased gradually, and the proportion of mixed grasses gradually increased. 2. Cutting increased the ratio of root to shoot (p0.05), and increased with the increase of cutting intensity. At the same time, the annual precipitation was lower, which contributed to the increase of the trend. In the year with higher annual precipitation, plants tend to trade-off to the ground, but when the annual precipitation is less, the plant tradeoffs to the ground, and the increase of mowing intensity can make the plants change from the above-ground trade-off to the underground tradeoff. Species richness increased with the increase of mowing intensity (p0.05). The increase of species richness in short-term mowing communities was due to the increase of the richness of primary and biennial plants in the community. 4. In the years with more precipitation, the forage yield gradually increased with the delay of cutting time, while the trend was opposite in less precipitation years. The crude protein of forage decreased with the increase of cutting intensity (p0.05) with the delay of cutting time and the increase of cutting intensity (p0.05). The yield of forage decreased with the increase of cutting time (p0.05). Taking into account the effects of short-term mowing on grassland productivity, species diversity, forage yield and quality, it was found that the best mowing time was in late August and in the middle of August in the year with more precipitation, and the cutting time in the middle of August was better in the year with less precipitation than that in mid-August. The stubble height of 5 ~ 8 cm can obtain high quality forage with both quality and quality, and it can promote the sustainable development of grassland to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812
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