大花三色堇自交系遗传差异、配合力及杂种优势研究
发布时间:2019-05-05 17:17
【摘要】:大花三色堇(Viola×wittrockiana)是堇菜科堇菜属重要的观赏植物,其花色艳丽、花姿优美、花期颇长,耐寒,是重要的花坛和盆栽花卉。杂种优势利用已成为当前国际盛行的育种途径。然而当前杂交亲本组合的选配存在一定的盲目性。本研究分别采用表型、SRAP和RSAP标记分析了9个大花三色堇和角堇自交系间的遗传差异,并以Griffing完全双列杂交Ⅲ配制了72个杂交组合,测定了14个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力,分析了F1代观赏性状的杂种优势,以及F1代的耐高、低温特性,得出以下结果:1、基于15个表型性状、RSAP标记、SRAP标记分析的亲本遗传距离和聚类结果不尽相同。其中基于表型性状和RSAP标记的自交系S1和S9间的遗传距离最小(分别为2.76和0.37),而基于SRAP标记自交系S1和S2的遗传距离最小(0.47);基于表型性状的自交系S7和S9之间的遗传距离最大(10.18),RSAP标记S6和S7遗传距离最大(0.79),SRAP标记S2和S7遗传距离最大(0.75)。基于表型性状,S1和S9自交系被聚为一类,其他聚为一类;RSAP标记把亲本分为两类:第Ⅰ类是S1、S2、S6和S9自交系;第Ⅱ类为S3、S4、S5、S7和S8自交系;而SRAP标记把自交系被分为四类:S3单独为一类,S7单独为一类,S4和S5一类,其余聚类一类。2、自交系S7在增大花径方面一般配合力最大(6.11);S1和S9的花数一般配合力最高(2.05和4.49);S2的株型配合力最小(-0.11)。而花径和花数作为主要育种目标,优势组合为S5×S2、S6×S4、S6×S7、S7×S2、S7×S3、S7×S4、S8×S4。花径、花数和叶长的广义遗传力(73.85%、79.16%和64.53%)及狭义遗传力(64.09%、45.82%和53.28%)较高,可进行早代选择;其他性状的广义和狭义遗传力均较低,应进行高代选择。3、基于表型的各亲本间遗传距离与F1代的花数、花葶长、株幅、叶数和分枝数的杂种优势之间极显著负相关,表型遗传距离不足以预测杂种优势。而基于RSAP和SRAP各亲本间遗传距离均与株高、叶型的杂种优势显著正相关,基于SRAP的各亲本间遗传距离与花葶长杂种优势极显著正相关,用DNA标记遗传距离预测部分性状杂种优势具有一定的可靠性。4、对杂交F1代分别进行35℃持续一周的高温处理与-8℃10h低温胁迫处理,基于4个抗性指标(逆境存活率、抗性等级、电解质外渗率及叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm))的主成分和聚类分析将71个杂交F1代分为高度耐热型、中度耐热型、弱耐热型和热敏感型4种类型;将69个F1代分为高度耐寒、中度耐寒和不耐寒3种类型。
[Abstract]:Viola 脳 wittrockiana is an important ornamental plant of pansy family. It is an important flower bed and potted flower because of its bright colors, beautiful flowers, long flowering period and cold resistance. The utilization of heterosis has become a popular breeding approach in the world at present. However, there is some blindness in the selection of current hybrid parent combinations. In this study, phenotypic, SRAP and RSAP markers were used to analyze the genetic differences among 9 inbred lines of Corydalis tricolor and Corydalis, and 72 hybrid combinations were prepared by Griffing complete diallel hybrid 鈪,
本文编号:2469764
[Abstract]:Viola 脳 wittrockiana is an important ornamental plant of pansy family. It is an important flower bed and potted flower because of its bright colors, beautiful flowers, long flowering period and cold resistance. The utilization of heterosis has become a popular breeding approach in the world at present. However, there is some blindness in the selection of current hybrid parent combinations. In this study, phenotypic, SRAP and RSAP markers were used to analyze the genetic differences among 9 inbred lines of Corydalis tricolor and Corydalis, and 72 hybrid combinations were prepared by Griffing complete diallel hybrid 鈪,
本文编号:2469764
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