湖北省稻瘟病菌无毒基因分析及主栽水稻品种抗瘟性评价

发布时间：2019-05-10 06:04

【摘要】：稻瘟病是一种在世界范围广泛发生的水稻病害。目前,培育和选用抗病品种以及品种合理布局是防治稻瘟病最经济有效的方法。由于稻瘟病菌生理小种繁多且极易发生变异,导致现有抗病品种在推广种植3~5年即会丧失抗性。因此,了解不同区域内稻瘟病菌无毒基因组成、明确适用于当地种植水稻品种所含抗瘟基因类型、筛选抗病品种等对水稻抗瘟品种利用和合理布局具有重要意义。为明确24个已知抗瘟基因在湖北省的利用价值,在宜昌和恩施地区自然病圃对24个水稻单基因系进行田间抗瘟性鉴定。综合2014~2016年三年鉴定结果,2015年的发病情况普遍高于2014和2016年。在宜昌地区单基因系品种K8、K10、K17、K18和K25对叶瘟和穗瘟的抗性较好,说明其含有的抗瘟基因Pikh、Piz5、Pish、Pi1、Pikm在宜昌地区具有推广价值,而K8和K18在恩施地区的抗性高,表明抗瘟基因Pikh和Pi1在恩施地区具有较好利用价值,含有这些抗瘟基因的水稻品种可在恩施地区布局种植。2014~2016年利用24个水稻单基因系对恩施地区300个稻瘟菌单孢菌株的无毒基因型进行鉴定。结果表明,来自恩施地区的稻瘟菌菌株致病力普遍较强,24个无毒基因在三年中均有出现,出现频率最高的组合数目为2个无毒基因的组合,且组合数目越少,致病力越强。其中Avr-Pikm、Avr-Pikh和Avr-Pi1出现频率最高且稳定,含有对应抗瘟基因Pikm、Pikh和Pi1的水稻品种适合在湖北省恩施地区推广应用。采用16个稻瘟菌标准鉴别菌株对60个湖北省主栽水稻品种进行抗瘟基因型推导,发现供试水稻品种只有科优21与Pi19的抗感反应型完全相同,确定其只含有这一个抗瘟基因,另外有35个品种能够确定推导出可能含有的抗性基因;通过对接种结果进行聚类分析,将60份水稻品种划分为12类,同一类水稻品种含有相同的一个或多个抗瘟基因。2014~2016年在宜昌和恩施地区稻瘟病常发病圃对湖北省主栽水稻品种的田间抗瘟性进行评价。在宜昌地区鉴定湖北省主推水稻品种314份,对叶瘟和穗瘟都表现抗(R)或中抗(MR)的品种有123个,其中C两优华占、D优202、曾抗一号、川抗993和金科优651等18个品种经过了2~3年鉴定,抗性稳定,是最为理想的抗源材料。在恩施地区鉴定水稻主栽品种143份,对叶瘟和穗瘟都表现高抗(HR)、抗病(R)或中抗(MR)的品种有41个,绵5优142、全丰2155、全优5138等22个品种在恩施病圃经2年以上的田间抗性鉴定,抗性较为稳定,可在恩施地区推广种植。
[Abstract]:Rice blast is a kind of rice disease which occurs widely in the world. At present, the cultivation and selection of resistant varieties and the rational distribution of varieties are the most economical and effective methods to control rice blast. Because of the large number of physiological races of Magnaporthe grisea and easy to mutate, the existing resistant varieties will lose their resistance after 3 ~ 5 years of popularization and planting. Therefore, understanding the composition of non-toxic genes of Magnaporthe grisea in different regions, making clear the types of blast-resistant genes contained in local rice varieties, and screening resistant varieties are of great significance for the utilization and rational distribution of rice varieties resistant to blast. In order to determine the utilization value of 24 known blast resistance genes in Hubei Province, 24 rice single gene lines were identified in natural disease nurseries in Yichang and Enshi areas. From 2014 to 2016, the incidence of the disease in 2015 was generally higher than that in 2014 and 2016. The resistance of single gene lines K8, K10, K17, K18 and K25 to leaf blast and panicle blast was better in Yichang area, which indicated that the blast resistance genes Pikh,Piz5,Pish,Pi1,Pikm contained in K8, K10, K17, K18 and K18 were valuable in Yichang area, while the resistance of K8 and K18 was high in Enshi area. The results showed that the blast resistance genes Pikh and Pi1 had good utilization value in Enshi area. Rice varieties with these blast resistance genes could be planted in Enshi region. 24 rice single gene lines were used to identify the non-toxic genotypes of 300 blast monosporal strains in Enshi region from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that the virulence of Magnaporthe grisea strains from Enshi area was generally strong, 24 non-toxic genes appeared in three years, and the number of combinations with the highest frequency was the combination of 2 non-toxic genes, and the smaller the number of combinations, the stronger the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe grisea strains. Among them, the frequency of Avr-Pikm,Avr-Pikh and Avr-Pi1 is the highest and stable, and the rice varieties with corresponding blast resistance genes Pikm,Pikh and Pi1 are suitable for popularization and application in Enshi area of Hubei Province. The blast resistance genotypic derivation of 60 main rice varieties in Hubei Province was carried out by using 16 standard strains of Magnaporthe grisea. It was found that only Keyou 21 and Pi19 had the same type of resistance to blast, and it was confirmed that only one blast resistance gene was contained in the tested rice varieties. In addition, 35 varieties were able to determine and deduce the possible resistance genes. Through cluster analysis of vaccination results, 60 rice varieties were divided into 12 categories. The blast resistance of the main rice varieties in Hubei Province was evaluated in 2014-2016 in Yichang and Enshi regions. The resistance of rice varieties to blast was evaluated in 2014-2016 in Yichang and Enshi regions, where the resistance to blast was the same in one or more of the same rice varieties. In Yichang area, 314 main rice varieties were identified in Hubei Province. Among them, there were 123 varieties resistant to (R) or middle resistance to leaf blast and panicle blast, of which C Liangyou Hua Zhan, D you 202, and Zeng Kang No. 1. Chuankang 993 and Jinkeyou 651 and other 18 varieties were identified for 2 ~ 3 years, and the resistance was stable, so they were the most ideal resistant materials. 143 main rice varieties were identified in Enshi area. 41 varieties with high resistance to (HR), resistance to (R) or middle resistance to (MR) were identified to leaf blast and panicle blast, Mian 5 you 142, Quanfeng 2155, The resistance of 22 varieties, such as Quanyou 5138, was identified in the field for more than 2 years in Enshi disease nursery, and the resistance was relatively stable, which could be popularized and planted in Enshi area.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.111.41

【参考文献】