马铃薯块茎形成期糖类物质代谢机制与产量形成的研究

发布时间：2019-05-12 00:38

【摘要】：测定马铃薯块茎形成期(出苗后40~50d)、膨大期(出苗后50~70d)、淀粉积累期(出苗后70~80d)、成熟期(出苗后80~90d)叶片、叶柄、根系、匍匐茎和块茎糖类物质含量及糖代谢相关酶活性与产量形成,研究马铃薯块茎生长期间不同器官和块茎不同部位糖类物质含量及糖代谢相关酶活性的变化动态、块茎生育期内淀粉含量与其它糖类物质的关系、马铃薯产量的变化动态,形成马铃薯糖分积累规律,明确糖类物质代谢对马铃薯产量形成的作用机制,为马铃薯的产量提高和生理研究提供技术指导和理论依据。主要试验结果如下:1.出苗后40~50d,块茎淀粉葡萄糖和果糖含量升高,蔗糖、可溶性糖和还原糖含量降低。叶片淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量升高。叶柄和根系可溶性糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量升高,淀粉和蔗糖含量降低。匍匐茎蔗糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量升高,淀粉和可溶性糖含量降低。出苗后50~60d,块茎淀粉和果糖含量升高,蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖和葡萄糖含量降低。叶片葡萄糖和果糖含量升高,淀粉、蔗糖、还原糖和可溶性糖含量降低。叶柄淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量降低。根系淀粉含量升高,蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量降低。匍匐茎淀粉和可溶性糖含量升高,蔗糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量降低。出苗后60~70d,块茎淀粉和果糖含量升高,蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖和葡萄糖含量降低。叶片葡萄糖和果糖含量升高,淀粉、蔗糖、还原糖和可溶性糖含量降低。叶柄淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量降低。根系淀粉含量升高,蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量降低。匍匐茎淀粉和可溶性糖含量升高,蔗糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量降低。出苗后70~80d,块茎淀粉含量升高,蔗糖、可溶性糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量降低。叶片和叶柄蔗糖、还原糖、可溶性糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量升高,淀粉含量降低。根系蔗糖和果糖含量升高,淀粉、可溶性糖、还原糖和葡萄糖含量降低。匍匐茎蔗糖、还原糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量升高,淀粉和可溶性糖含量降低。出苗后80~90d,块茎淀粉、蔗糖、可溶性糖和果糖含量升高,还原糖和葡萄糖含量降低。2.出苗后40~50d,块茎SS、SPS、淀粉磷酸化酶和淀粉酶活性升高,转化酶活性降低。叶片转化酶、SS和SPS活性升高。叶柄转化酶和SS活性升高,SPS活性降低。根系转化酶活性升高,SS和SPS活性降低。匍匐茎SPS活性升高,转化酶和SS活性降低。出苗后50~60d,块茎SS和淀粉磷酸化酶活性升高,转化酶、SPS和淀粉酶活性降低。叶片和叶柄转化酶、SS和SPS活性降低。根系SS活性升高,转化酶和SPS活性降低。匍匐茎转化酶和SS活性升高,SPS活性降低。出苗后60~70d,块茎SS、SPS和淀粉磷酸化酶活性升高,转化酶和淀粉酶活性降低。叶片和叶柄转化酶、SS和SPS活性降低。根系SS活性升高,转化酶和SPS活性降低。匍匐茎转化酶和SS活性升高,SPS活性降低。出苗后70~80d,块茎SS活性升高,转化酶、SPS、淀粉磷酸化酶和淀粉酶活性降低。叶片转化酶和SPS活性升高,SS活性降低。叶柄、根系和匍匐茎SPS活性升高,转化酶和SS活性降低。出苗后80~90d,块茎SS活性升高,转化酶、SPS、淀粉磷酸化酶和淀粉酶活性降低。3.通过多元回归分析和通径分析,叶片还原糖和叶柄蔗糖对块茎淀粉形成积累具有促进作用,其中叶柄蔗糖作用更大。4.通过多元回归分析和通径分析,叶柄SPS和块茎淀粉磷酸化酶对块茎淀粉形成积累具有促进作用,其中叶柄SPS作用更大,通过促进叶柄蔗糖形成,不断运输至块茎进而促进块茎淀粉形成和积累。5.糖类物质含量在块茎各部位间有差异,但不同部位随着生育期的推移淀粉含量升高,淀粉含量髓部最高;蔗糖含量降低,蔗糖含量髓部最高;还原糖和葡萄糖含量变化呈单峰曲线,出苗后70d达峰值;可溶性糖与果糖含量变化相反。块茎不同部位转化酶和蔗糖合成酶仅在出苗后70d达波谷;蔗糖磷酸合成酶和淀粉磷酸化酶呈单峰曲线,出苗后70d达峰值;淀粉酶活性不断降低。6.通过多元回归分析和通径分析,叶片和叶柄葡萄糖、匍匐茎可溶性糖含量对马铃薯产量形成作用效果显著。
[Abstract]:the content of the leaf, the petiole, the root system, the stolon and the content of the carbohydrate in the leaves, the petiole, the root system, the stolon and the tuber of the stem and the tuber of the stem and the tuber of the root, the stolon and the tuber of the tuber of the potato are determined, and the activity and the yield of the sugar metabolism-related enzyme are determined, The changes of the content of carbohydrate and the activity of sugar metabolism in different parts of the potato tuber during the growth of the potato tuber were studied. The relationship between the content of starch and other carbohydrate substances in the growth period of the tuber and the change of the yield of the potato were studied, and the accumulation of sugar in the potato was formed. The mechanism of the effect of carbohydrate metabolism on the yield of potato was clarified, which provided technical guidance and theoretical basis for the improvement of the yield and the physiological research of the potato. The main test results are as follows:1. The content of sucrose, soluble sugar and reducing sugar decreased 40-50 days after emergence, and the content of sugar, soluble sugar and reducing sugar of tuber starch decreased. Leaf starch, sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose content increased. The content of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose in petiole and root system increased, and the content of starch and sucrose decreased. The content of sucrose, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose increased, and the content of starch and soluble sugar decreased. The content of sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and glucose decreased from 50 to 60 days after emergence. The content of glucose and fructose in the leaves is increased, and the content of starch, sucrose, reducing sugar and soluble sugar is reduced. The content of petiole starch, sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose is reduced. The starch content of root system was increased, and the content of sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose was reduced. The content of stolon and soluble sugar increased, and the content of sucrose, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose decreased. The content of sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and glucose decreased from 60 to 70 days after emergence. The content of glucose and fructose in the leaves is increased, and the content of starch, sucrose, reducing sugar and soluble sugar is reduced. The content of petiole starch, sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose is reduced. The starch content of root system was increased, and the content of sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose was reduced. The content of stolon and soluble sugar increased, and the content of sucrose, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose decreased. The content of sucrose, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose decreased from 70 to 80 days after emergence. The content of sucrose, reducing sugar, soluble sugar, glucose and fructose in leaves and petioles increased and the content of starch decreased. The contents of sucrose and fructose in root system increased, and the content of starch, soluble sugar, reducing sugar and glucose decreased. The content of sucrose, reducing sugar, glucose and fructose increased, and the content of starch and soluble sugar decreased. 80 to 90 days after emergence, the content of starch, sucrose, soluble sugar and fructose increased, and the content of reducing sugar and glucose decreased. 40 to 50 days after the emergence of the seedling, the activity of the tuber SS, the SPS, the starch phosphorylase and the amylase increased, and the activity of the invertase was reduced. The activity of invertase, SS and SPS increased. The activity of the petiole invertase and SS increased and the SPS activity decreased. The activity of invertase in root system was increased, and the activity of SS and SPS was decreased. The activity of SPS and invertase and SS of stolon were decreased. 50-60 days after emergence, the activity of tuber SS and starch phosphorylase increased, and the activity of invertase, SPS and amylase decreased. Leaf and petiole invertase, SS and SPS activity decreased. The activity of the root SS increased, the invertase and SPS activity decreased. The activity of invertase and SS increased and the activity of SPS decreased. 60 to 70 days after the emergence of the seedling, the activity of the tuber SS, the SPS and the starch phosphorylase increased, and the activity of the invertase and the amylase was reduced. Leaf and petiole invertase, SS and SPS activity decreased. The activity of the root SS increased, the invertase and SPS activity decreased. The activity of invertase and SS increased and the activity of SPS decreased. The activity of SS, invertase, SPS, starch phosphorylase and amylase decreased from 70 to 80 days after emergence. The activity of invertase and SPS increased and the activity of SS decreased. The activity of the petioles, roots and stolons increased, and the activity of invertase and SS decreased. The activity of the tuber SS, the invertase, the SPS, the starch phosphorylase and the amylase activity decreased from 80 to 90 days after the emergence of the seedlings. Through multiple regression analysis and path analysis, the effect of leaf reducing sugar and petiole sucrose on the formation of tuber starch was promoted, and the effect of petiole sucrose was greater. The effect of petiole SPS and tuber starch phosphorylase on the formation and accumulation of tuber starch was promoted by multiple regression analysis and path analysis, and the effect of petiole SPS was greater, and the formation and accumulation of tuber starch was promoted by promoting the formation of petiole sucrose. The content of carbohydrate was different among the various parts of the tuber, but the content of the starch increased with the increasing of the growth period, the content of the content of the starch was the highest, the content of the sucrose was lower, the content of the content of the sucrose was the highest, the change of the reducing sugar and the content of the glucose was a unimodal curve, and the peak of 70d after the emergence of the seedling was reached. The content of soluble sugar is opposite to that of fructose. The invertase and the sucrose synthase in different parts of the tuber only reach the trough after the emergence of the seedling; the sucrose-phosphate synthase and the starch phosphorylase show a single-peak curve, and the peak value is 70d after the emergence of the seedling; and the activity of the amylase is continuously reduced. Through the multiple regression analysis and path analysis, the soluble sugar content of the leaves and petioles of the leaf and the petiole of the petiole has a remarkable effect on the yield of the potato.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532

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