山东省肉羊常见饲料营养价值评定及日粮配合技术研究

发布时间：2019-05-12 18:36

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究山东省不同生态区饲料资源营养价值差异,建立山东省常规饲料资源营养价值数据库,并在此基础上建立以起青粗饲料为分类标准的TMR日粮配方库。本试验采集山东省各个生态区,精粗饲料共33种,并对其进行营养价值评定,选用4头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康杜泊羊作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定饲料降解率。另外,本试验对山东省17地市52家养殖场进行实地考察,根据养殖场规模不同进行分类;针对山东省各生态区有特色和利用价值的30种非常规饲料进行开发。并在前两项工作的基础上,以粗饲料为分类标准建立了TMR日粮配方库。本研究的主要研究结果如下:首先,本试验根据全省的地形、土壤、降水及水文植被分布等自然环境条件特点,同时考虑饲草、作物品种资源分布,将山东省划分为环渤海湾地区、鲁西平原地区、鲁中南山地丘陵地区和鲁东沿海丘陵地区共四个生态小区。本试验完成了山东省四个生态区饲料资源及地域性饲料原料营养价值的评定。结果显示,山东省常见饲料中不同生态区自产的谷实类、青粗饲料类原料,同种类原料营养物质含量及降解率在地区之间差异显著(P0.05),糠麸类、饼粕类加工副产品地区间差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,自产饲料原料具有地域性差异,饲料养分含量受生长环境因子影响较大;加工副产品,尤其是饼粕类饲料,原料多是贸易商外购,非本地生产,营养成分差异不大。本试验对环渤海湾地区的芦苇草、皇竹草、高丹草等进行取样和营养成分分析,结果显示,芦苇草、皇竹草的CP含量达10%以上(分别是10.15%和10.92%);沾化枣树叶CP含量为9.66%,ADF含量仅为24.75%。紫花苜蓿中的WL343HQ苜蓿与其他苜蓿相比,在干物质水平无差异的情况下,CP含量明显高于其他品种;杂交枸树的CP含量达24.57%。本试验完成了山东省肉羊养殖模式的调查研究,调查结果显示山东省的养殖模式主要为集约化程度高的大型养殖场和以家庭为主的中小型养殖场,日粮供给模式是以“集约化生产的精料+本地青粗料”完成的TMR日粮。本试验根据肉羊的生长特点,结合本研究中饲料营养价值评定结果,完成了以地瓜秧、花生秧、羊草、混合料(50%地瓜秧+50%玉米秸)等粗饲料为分类标准的肉羊TMR日粮配方库建设,探索了本地饲料资源开发利用与肉羊养殖草畜一体化建设的可行模式。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the difference of nutritional value of feed resources in different ecological areas of Shandong Province, to establish a database of nutritional value of conventional feed resources in Shandong Province, and to establish a TMR diet formula database with Qingqing roughage as the classification standard. In this experiment, 33 kinds of fine roughage were collected from various ecological areas of Shandong Province, and their nutritional value was evaluated. 4 healthy Dupo sheep with permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals, and the feed degradation rate was determined by nylon bag method. In addition, 52 farms in 17 cities of Shandong Province were investigated and classified according to the scale of farms, and 30 kinds of unconventional fodder with characteristics and utilization value in each ecological area of Shandong Province were developed. On the basis of the first two tasks, the TMR dietary formula database was established with roughage as the classification standard. The main results of this study are as follows: first of all, according to the characteristics of natural environmental conditions such as topography, soil, precipitation and hydrological vegetation distribution in the whole province, and considering the distribution of forage grass and crop variety resources, Shandong Province is divided into four ecological areas: Bohai Bay area, Luxi Plain area, mountainous and hilly area in central and southern Shandong and coastal hilly area in eastern Shandong. In this experiment, the nutritional value of feed resources and regional feed materials in four ecological areas of Shandong Province was evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the nutrient content and degradation rate of the same kind of raw materials among the different ecological areas of Shandong Province (P 0.05), and there were significant differences in the nutrient content and degradation rate of the same kind of raw materials among the different ecological areas of Shandong Province (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in by-products of cake processing (P 0.05). Thus it can be seen that the feed raw materials have regional differences, and the feed nutrient content is greatly affected by the growth environment factors. Processing by-products, especially cake feed, most of the raw materials are purchased by traders, non-local production, and the nutritional composition is not different. In this experiment, Reed grass, Huangzhu grass and Gaodan grass in Bohai Bay area were sampled and analyzed. The results showed that the CP content of Reed grass and Phyllostachys pubescens was more than 10% (10.15% and 10.92%, respectively). The content of CP in leaves of Zhanhua jujube was 9.66%, and that of Zhanhua jujube was only 24.75%. Compared with other Medicago sativa, the content of CP in WL343HQ was significantly higher than that in other varieties under the condition of no difference in dry matter level, and the CP content of hybrid Lycium sativa was 24.57%. In this experiment, the investigation and study of meat sheep breeding model in Shandong Province were completed. The results showed that the breeding mode in Shandong Province was mainly large scale farms with high degree of intensification and small and medium-sized farms dominated by families. The dietary supply model is TMR diet with "intensive production of concentrate local green crude material". According to the growth characteristics of meat sheep and the evaluation results of feed nutritional value in this study, the experiment completed the use of papaya seedling, peanut seedling and Leymus chinensis. The construction of TMR ration compound bank of meat sheep with mixture (50% ground melon seedling 50% corn straw) as the classification standard was studied in this paper. The feasible mode of local feed resources development and utilization and the integration construction of meat sheep, grass and livestock were explored.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826.5

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