长寿花扦插繁殖观赏性状退化分析及种苗复壮技术研究

发布时间：2019-05-21 23:58

【摘要】：本研究以长寿花‘Loren’、'Fiesta’、‘Theron’3个品种进口无根苗为试验材料,通过对无根苗及扦插第三代苗,株高、茎粗、冠幅、节数、节间长、花枝数、花朵数、花梗长、花瓣数、花冠径10个主要观赏性状指标以及根系活力,在苗期、花蕾期、盛花期的测定与数据采集,分析地下部分生长与扦插退化现象的相关性。并采用体胚发生诱导途径对退化植株进行复壮技术的探索,以复壮后的组培苗做为母本,连续扦插六代,与进口无根苗及无根苗扦插第三代苗进行10个观赏性状之间的对比,比较复壮苗、进口无根苗及进口无根苗多代扦插苗之间的差异,研究退化原因,探寻复壮方法,为长寿花种苗国产化繁育提供理论依据,也为长寿花优质种苗的规范化、规模化生产奠定基础。主要研究结果如下:(1)引进3个长寿花进口品种无根苗,培育成品花,确定其观赏性状指标为平均株高15.0-16.0cm,茎粗 15.5±1.5mm,冠幅 14.0-15.0cm,花梗长 4.0±1.0cm,3 个品种长寿花在开花枝数、小花朵数、花瓣数、花冠径等观赏性状上有差异。进口品种无根苗扦插一代后观赏性状出现退化,但苗期表现不明显,盛花期表现明显;其退化程度‘Fiesta’‘Loren'‘Theron'。(2)长寿花种苗复壮技术研究发现,以叶片做为外植体开展体胚途径退化苗的复壮研究,得到生长健壮,观赏性状好的组培苗。其中以茎段作为外植体诱导的组培苗易发生畸形变异;以花瓣为外植体诱导率低,且组培苗植株茎秆细弱。以叶片作为外植体,采用MS±6-BA1.0mg/L±NAA0.1mg/L,附加蔗糖和琼脂,‘Loren’和‘Fiesta'可诱导出大量胚性愈伤组织,诱导率达到85.01%和 82.44%,采用 MS±6-BA2.0mg/L±NAA0.2mg/L,附加蔗糖和琼脂,‘Theron'诱导率也可达到68.41%。在胚状体的诱导过程中,发现AC添加浓度对胚状体诱导有一定影响;在胚状体诱导成苗过程中,3个品种的最适诱导培养基6-BA添加浓度不同;成苗继代增殖过程中发现随着6-BA浓度(0-0.4mg/L)增加,增殖系数增加。(3)复壮后的种苗扦插六代后与进口无根苗及进口苗扦插三代后的种苗进行性状比较,结果发现复壮苗扦插第三代10个主要观赏性状与进口种苗无差异;且复壮后的前三代苗之间无显著性差异,扦插至第四代开始出现性状退化,表明进口无根苗为扦插三代以后的扦插苗。
[Abstract]:In this study, the imported seedless seedlings of longevity flower 'Loren','Fiesta','Theron'3 varieties were used as experimental materials. Through the third generation seedlings, plant height, stem diameter, crown width, node number, Internode length, flower branch number, flower number and pedicel length, the length of plant height, stem diameter, crown width, node number, flower branch number, flower number and pedicel length were studied. The number of petals, the diameter of flower crown and 10 main ornamental traits and root activity were measured and collected at seedling stage, bud stage and flowering stage, and the correlation between the growth of underground part and cutting degradation was analyzed. The rejuvenation technique of degraded plants was explored by somatic embryogenesis induction pathway. The tissue culture seedlings after rejuvenation were used as female parent to cut for six generations, and 10 ornamental characters were compared with imported rooted seedlings and the third generation seedlings without roots. To compare the differences between rejuvenated seedlings, imported seedless seedlings and multi-generation cutting seedlings of imported seedless seedlings, to study the causes of degradation, to explore the methods of rejuvenation, to provide theoretical basis for the domestic breeding of long-lived flower seedlings, and to standardize the high quality seedlings of long-lived flowers. Large-scale production laid the foundation. The main results are as follows: (1) three imported varieties of longevity flowers were introduced to cultivate the finished flowers, and the ornamental traits were determined as follows: the average plant height was 15.0-16.0cm, the stem diameter was 15.5 卤1.5 mm, the crown width was 14.0 卤15.0cm, the average plant height was 15.0 cm, the stem diameter was 15.5 卤1.5 cm, and the crown width was 15.0 cm. The length of pedicel was 4.0 卤1.0 cm. There were differences in the number of flowering branches, the number of small flowers, the number of petals and the diameter of flower crown among the three varieties. After cutting for a generation, the ornamental characters of imported varieties showed degradation, but the performance of seedling stage was not obvious, and the performance of flowering stage was obvious. The degradation degree 'Fiesta''Loren''Theron'. (2) the rejuvenation technique of longevity flower seedlings was studied. it was found that using leaves as explants to study the rejuvenation of degraded seedlings through somatic embryo pathway, the tissue culture seedlings with strong growth and good ornamental shape were obtained. The abnormal variation of tissue culture seedlings induced by stem segments as explants was easy to occur, and the induction rate was low with petals as explants, and the stems of tissue culture seedlings were thin and weak. Using leaves as explants and MS 卤6-BA1.0mg/L 卤NAA0.1mg/L, supplemented with sucrose and Agar, 'Loren' and' Fiesta' could induce a large number of embryogenic calli, the induction rate was 85.01% and 82.44%, respectively. When MS 卤6-BA2.0mg/L 卤NAA0.2mg/L, was added with sucrose and Agar, the induction rate of 'Theron' was 68.41%. In the process of embryoid induction, it was found that the concentration of AC had a certain effect on embryoid induction, and the optimal concentration of 6-BA was different in the process of embryoid induction. During the subculture and proliferation of adult seedlings, it was found that with the increase of 6-BA concentration (0-0.4mg/L), the proliferation coefficient increased. (3) the characters of seedlings after six generations of rejuvenation were compared with those of imported seedless seedlings and imported seedlings after three generations of cutting. The results showed that there was no difference between the 10 main ornamental characters of the third generation of rejuvenated seedlings and the imported seedlings. There was no significant difference among the first three generations of seedlings after rejuvenation, and the characters of cutting began to degrade from the fourth generation, which indicated that the imported seedless seedlings were cutting seedlings after three generations of cutting.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S682.33

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