新疆沙井子垦区环境因子对核桃焦叶病的影响
发布时间：2019-06-09 23:39
【摘要】：核桃种植业是新疆沙井子垦区重要的经济支柱和发展动力,近年来核桃焦叶普遍发生且呈现出越来越严重的趋势,给生产上造成重大损失。为降低焦叶带来的损失,本试验在不同的核桃园,以不同树龄和树形的温185核桃为试材,研究了焦叶发生的原因、防治方法以及不同防治方法对核桃果实品质的影响。结果表明:(1)核桃焦叶病时间动态规律是:从6月开始发病,平均发病率为20.97%,病情指数为6.63;8月达到发病高峰,平均发病为94.96%,病情指数为82.94;9月份由于核桃长出新梢发出新叶,发病程度有所缓解,病情指数降低到49.48。(2)核桃焦叶病空间动态规律是:核桃冠层的垂直方向上,病情指数大小为上部中部下部;9月由于上部长出新叶,病情指数为中部下部上部;水平方向上病情指数为外围中部内膛;不同方位病情指数为南面东面西面北面。(3)通过对不同环境因子和核桃焦叶病之间多元回归分析可知,对核桃焦叶病病情指数影响程度大小依次为:光照强度、水的含盐量、相对湿度、土壤含水量和温度。(4)光照强度与焦叶病的发病程度呈正相关关系,即光照越强,焦叶病发病程度越重;而温度的高低和焦叶病发生轻重的相关性很小;田间相对湿度和病情指数之间呈显著负相关性,即田间相对湿度越大,核桃焦叶病病情指数越低;土壤含水量和病情指数之间呈显著负相关,土壤含水量越大,核桃焦叶病发病程度越低。(5)通过研究水源含盐量、土壤养分、土壤盐分与核桃焦叶病之间的关系表明:水源含盐量和病情指数之间存在显著正相关,水源含盐量越高,核桃焦叶发病程度越重。含盐量低的大渠水(电导度为0.76)灌溉核桃发病程度低病情指数为47.72和48.73,用含盐量高的地下井水(电导度为2.07)和鸿沟水(电导度为2.86)灌溉发病程度高,病情指数为49.74和53.34;土壤中速效钾和有机质的含量与病情指数呈负相关关系,速效钾和有机质的含量越高病情指数越低;土壤中盐分和病情指数呈正相关关系,土壤中盐分越高,核桃焦叶病病情指数越高。(6)根据环境因子对核桃焦叶病的影响分析得出核桃焦叶病发病的主要原因是叶片生理失水。一方面是由于树体的蒸腾失水大于吸水能力,加之6-8月较高的光照强度、热风、土壤含水量低及较低的地下水位的协助影响,加剧了该病的发生,另一方面土壤的含盐量以及灌溉用水的含盐量较高,导致植物的渗透压过大,吸水困难,破坏了正常的新陈代谢过程。(7)海岛素、硼砂、硫酸钾对核桃焦叶病都有不同程度的防效。在不同浓度的处理中,1000倍液海岛素处理的防效最佳(防效为13.51%),1500倍液硼砂(Na2B4O7·10H2O)处理的防效最佳(防效为为7.81%),1000倍液K2SO4溶液处理的防治效果最佳(防效为6.78%)。
[Abstract]:Walnut planting industry is an important economic pillar and development motive force in Shajingzi Reclamation area of Xinjiang. In recent years, walnut coke leaves generally occur and show a more and more serious trend, causing great losses to production. In order to reduce the loss caused by coke leaves, the causes of coke leaves, control methods and the effects of different control methods on walnut fruit quality were studied in different walnut orchards with different tree ages and tree shapes of 185 walnuts. The results showed that: (1) the time dynamic law of walnut scorched leaf disease was as follows: the average incidence rate was 20.97% and the disease index was 6.63, and reached the peak in August, the average incidence rate was 94.96%, and the disease index was 82.94%. In September, the incidence of walnut was alleviated by the emergence of new shoots and new leaves, and the disease index decreased to 49.48. (2) the spatial dynamic law of walnut coke leaf disease was as follows: the vertical direction of walnut crown, the disease index was the upper middle and lower part; In September, due to the emergence of new leaves from the upper minister, the disease index was the upper part of the middle part, and the index of the disease condition in the horizontal direction was the inner chamber of the middle part of the periphery. The disease index in different directions is north to the east and west of the south. (3) through the multiple regression analysis between different environmental factors and walnut coke leaf disease, it can be seen that the degree of influence on the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease is as follows: light intensity, light intensity. Water salt content, relative humidity, soil water content and temperature. (4) there was a positive correlation between light intensity and the incidence of scorched leaf disease, that is, the stronger the light, the more serious the incidence of scorched leaf disease; There was a significant negative correlation between the relative humidity and the disease index, that is, the higher the relative humidity in the field, the lower the disease index of walnut. There was a significant negative correlation between soil water content and disease index. The higher the soil water content, the lower the incidence of walnut coke leaf disease. (5) by studying the salt content of water source and soil nutrients, The relationship between soil salt content and walnut coke leaf disease showed that there was a significant positive correlation between water salt content and disease index. The higher the salt content of water source, the more serious the incidence of walnut coke leaf. The disease index of walnut irrigated with low salt content in large canal water (conductivity 0.76) was 47.72 and 48.73, respectively. The incidence of irrigation with underground well water with high salt content (conductivity is 2.07) and gap water (conductivity is 2.86) is high, and the disease index is 49.74 and 53.34. The content of available potassium and organic matter in soil was negatively correlated with the disease index, and the higher the content of available potassium and organic matter, the lower the disease index. There was a positive correlation between salt content in soil and disease index, and the higher the salt content in soil, The higher the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease was. (6) according to the analysis of the influence of environmental factors on walnut coke leaf disease, it was concluded that the main cause of walnut coke leaf disease was physiological water loss of walnut leaves. On the one hand, the transpiration loss of the tree is greater than the water absorption capacity, coupled with the higher light intensity, hot wind, low soil water content and low groundwater level in June and August, which aggravates the occurrence of the disease. On the other hand, the salt content of soil and irrigation water is high, which leads to excessive osmotic pressure of plants and difficulty in absorbing water, which destroys the normal metabolic process. (7) seaweed, borax, Potassium sulfate has different control effects on walnut coke leaf disease. Among the treatments with different concentrations, 1000 times liquid seaweed treatment had the best control effect (13.51%), and 1500 times liquid borax (Na2B4O7 路10H2O) treatment had the best control effect (7.81%). The control effect of 1000 times liquid K2SO4 solution was the best (6.78%).
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.64
本文编号：2495994
[Abstract]:Walnut planting industry is an important economic pillar and development motive force in Shajingzi Reclamation area of Xinjiang. In recent years, walnut coke leaves generally occur and show a more and more serious trend, causing great losses to production. In order to reduce the loss caused by coke leaves, the causes of coke leaves, control methods and the effects of different control methods on walnut fruit quality were studied in different walnut orchards with different tree ages and tree shapes of 185 walnuts. The results showed that: (1) the time dynamic law of walnut scorched leaf disease was as follows: the average incidence rate was 20.97% and the disease index was 6.63, and reached the peak in August, the average incidence rate was 94.96%, and the disease index was 82.94%. In September, the incidence of walnut was alleviated by the emergence of new shoots and new leaves, and the disease index decreased to 49.48. (2) the spatial dynamic law of walnut coke leaf disease was as follows: the vertical direction of walnut crown, the disease index was the upper middle and lower part; In September, due to the emergence of new leaves from the upper minister, the disease index was the upper part of the middle part, and the index of the disease condition in the horizontal direction was the inner chamber of the middle part of the periphery. The disease index in different directions is north to the east and west of the south. (3) through the multiple regression analysis between different environmental factors and walnut coke leaf disease, it can be seen that the degree of influence on the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease is as follows: light intensity, light intensity. Water salt content, relative humidity, soil water content and temperature. (4) there was a positive correlation between light intensity and the incidence of scorched leaf disease, that is, the stronger the light, the more serious the incidence of scorched leaf disease; There was a significant negative correlation between the relative humidity and the disease index, that is, the higher the relative humidity in the field, the lower the disease index of walnut. There was a significant negative correlation between soil water content and disease index. The higher the soil water content, the lower the incidence of walnut coke leaf disease. (5) by studying the salt content of water source and soil nutrients, The relationship between soil salt content and walnut coke leaf disease showed that there was a significant positive correlation between water salt content and disease index. The higher the salt content of water source, the more serious the incidence of walnut coke leaf. The disease index of walnut irrigated with low salt content in large canal water (conductivity 0.76) was 47.72 and 48.73, respectively. The incidence of irrigation with underground well water with high salt content (conductivity is 2.07) and gap water (conductivity is 2.86) is high, and the disease index is 49.74 and 53.34. The content of available potassium and organic matter in soil was negatively correlated with the disease index, and the higher the content of available potassium and organic matter, the lower the disease index. There was a positive correlation between salt content in soil and disease index, and the higher the salt content in soil, The higher the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease was. (6) according to the analysis of the influence of environmental factors on walnut coke leaf disease, it was concluded that the main cause of walnut coke leaf disease was physiological water loss of walnut leaves. On the one hand, the transpiration loss of the tree is greater than the water absorption capacity, coupled with the higher light intensity, hot wind, low soil water content and low groundwater level in June and August, which aggravates the occurrence of the disease. On the other hand, the salt content of soil and irrigation water is high, which leads to excessive osmotic pressure of plants and difficulty in absorbing water, which destroys the normal metabolic process. (7) seaweed, borax, Potassium sulfate has different control effects on walnut coke leaf disease. Among the treatments with different concentrations, 1000 times liquid seaweed treatment had the best control effect (13.51%), and 1500 times liquid borax (Na2B4O7 路10H2O) treatment had the best control effect (7.81%). The control effect of 1000 times liquid K2SO4 solution was the best (6.78%).
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.64
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1 高瑞霞;新疆沙井子垦区环境因子对核桃焦叶病的影响[D];塔里木大学;2017年
，本文编号：2495994
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