不同栽培模式对佛手山药生长发育、产量与品质的影响
发布时间：2019-06-12 17:11
【摘要】：佛手山药是6种获得“国家农产品地理标志”认证之一的特色山药品种,主要种植分布在湖北省黄冈市的武穴市、蕲春县、黄梅县等地,迄今已有300余年的栽培历史。佛手山药栽培中存在的主要问题包括:佛手山药以块茎为种茎繁殖,用种量大,种茎成本高;传统栽培方式肥料用量过大,生产资料入较高,而利用效率较低。目前,对佛手山药开展栽培技术优化的系统研究少见报道,因此,通过优化栽培降低佛手山药用种量,提高山药产量与品质,增加农民的种植效益的具有重要的理论与实践指导意义。试验于2015年和2016年在湖北省武穴市大金镇周干村大田条件下进行。2015年设置的试验处理包括农民高产栽培模式(R1F1)、减氮增钾模式(R1F2)、减肥肥料后移模式(R1F3)、减密模式(R1F4)、减密减氮增钾模式(R1F5)5个处理,栽培方式均采用一垄四行(R1),小区面积64 m2,重复3次;2016年在2015年试验基础上做了部分调整,除保留一垄四行(R1)以外,增设了一垄双行(R2)的栽培方式,以R1、R2栽培方式为主处理,3个副处理为:农民高产施肥(F1)、减肥肥料后移施肥(F6)、增施硝态氮施肥(F7),调整第二次追肥设置R1F8、R2F9、R1F10、R2F10处理,副区面积60 m2,重复3次。比较研究了不同栽培模式对佛手山药生长发育、产量和品质的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.佛手山药的生育期年际间的差异较大,2015年全生育期为237 d,2016年为270d,两年之间相差33 d。导致年际间差异的主要原因是2016年中期雨水较多,块茎膨大后期增重变缓,成熟时间推迟。同一年份不同栽培密度、肥料施用量和施肥时间等栽培措施对佛手山药全生育期的影响较小。2.不同栽培模式对佛手山药的产量影响差异显著,2015年R1F4和R1F1两种栽培模式的产量分别为32.99 t hm-2和32.87 t hm-2,两者产量最高,均显著高于其它3种模式。在2016年R1F1和R1F10两种模式的产量最高,分别为22.22 t hm-2和20.40 t hm-2。总体而言,较高的氮肥用量、基肥与藤蔓期施肥比例高有利于提高佛手山药产量,氮肥后移对佛手山药的增产效应不显著;此外,一垄双行不利于块茎膨大期快速增重对水分的需求,从而导致其产量低于一垄四行。3.影响佛手山药高产主要是干物质积累总量和叶面积指数较高所致,2015年,R1F4和R1F1模式最大生物量分别为929.28 g m-2和984.56 g m-2,其叶面积指数也相应最大,两者分别为5.03和4.61,均高于其它3种模式。2016年,R1F1生物量最高为683.20 g m-2,叶面积指数为2.17,均高于其它模式。4.不同栽培模式显著影响佛手山药的块茎大小和整齐度。2015年,R1F4平均块茎重为438.90 g,远高于其它4个处理;2016年,R1F10与R1F1模式块茎平均重分别为240.58 g和248.20 g,均高于其它处理。2015年,R1F3模式的CV为26.76%;2016年,R1F6为CV为32.5%,其整齐度相对较高。5.不同栽培模式对佛手山药的淀粉含量和粗多糖含量影响显著。2015年,R1F2的块茎淀粉含量显著高于R1F1和R1F4。2016年,R1F6和R2F6的淀粉含量显著高于R1F1模式。2015年,R1F3的块茎粗多糖含量显著高于R1F2和R1F5,在2016年,一垄四行比一垄双行模式更有利于粗多糖的积累。6.不同栽培模式的经济效益存在明显差异。2015年,R1F4和R1F1种植模式利润最大,分别为63761￥hm-2和59683￥hm-2;2016年,R1F10和R1F1种植模式利润最大,分别为90736￥hm-2和102310￥hm-2。7.综合所述,佛手山药现有的栽培模式可以进一步优化:适当降低种植密度可以减少种茎用量保持产量不降低;减施氮肥15%左右并后移等技术措施有利于平均块茎重增大,提高山药中的风味品质成分;这些栽培措施的优化有利于增加种植农户的收益。
[Abstract]:The Chinese yam is one of the six kinds of Chinese yam, which is one of the "National Agricultural Product Geographical Indications"-certified. The main planting pattern is in the city of Wuche, Yichun and Huangmei in Huanggang City, Hubei Province, and has more than 300 years of cultivation history. The main problems in the cultivation of the Buddha's Chinese yam include the propagation of the tuber of the Chinese yam, the large amount of the seed and the high cost of the seed, the large amount of the fertilizer used in the traditional cultivation, the higher the production of the means of production, and the lower utilization efficiency. At present, the systematic research on the cultivation technology of Chinese yam is rare, so it is of great significance to improve the yield and quality of the yam by optimizing the cultivation and to increase the yield and quality of the Chinese yam, and to increase the planting benefit of the farmers. The test is carried out in 2015 and 2016 under the field condition of Zhougan Village, Djinan Town, Wudongde, Hubei Province. The test treatment set in 2015 includes the high-yield cultivation mode of the farmer (R1F1), the nitrogen-reducing and potassium-increasing mode (R1F2), the back-moving mode of the weight-reducing fertilizer (R1F3) and the reduced-density mode (R1F4). 5 treatments of the reduced nitrogen and potassium-increasing mode (R1F5) are adopted, a ridge four rows (R1) are adopted in the cultivation mode, the area of the cell is 64 m2, and the three times are repeated; in 2016, a partial adjustment is made on the basis of the 2015 test, in addition to the retention of a ridge four rows (R1), the cultivation mode of a ridge double row (R2) is added, The cultivation mode of R2 is the main treatment, and the three secondary treatments are as follows: the farmer high-yield fertilizer application (F1), the fertilizer application of the weight-reducing fertilizer (F6), the application of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer (F7), the adjustment of the second topdressing setting R1 F8, the R2F9, the R1F10, the R2F10 treatment, the auxiliary area area of 60m2, and the repeated three times. The effects of different cultivation patterns on the growth, yield and quality of Chinese yam were compared. The main results are as follows:1. The difference between the year of the growth period of the Buddha and the Chinese yam is large, the whole growth period in 2015 is 237th day, the period of 2016 is 270d, and the difference of the two years is 33d. The main reason for the difference between the year and the year is that the middle-term rainwater in 2016 is more, the weight gain of the later stage of the tuber expansion becomes slow, and the mature time is delayed. The effect of different cultivation density, fertilizer application rate and time of fertilization on the whole growth period of Chinese yam was less than that in the same year. The effect of different cultivation patterns on the yield of Chinese yam was significant, and the yield of both R1F4 and R1F1 in 2015 was 32.99 t hm-2 and 32.87 t hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the yield of R1F1 and R1F10 was the highest, 22.22 t hm-2 and 20.40 t hm-2, respectively. In general, the high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, the high fertilization ratio of the base fertilizer and the vine-vine period is favorable to the improvement of the yield of the Buddha-hand yam, the effect of the application of the nitrogen fertilizer on the Buddha-hand Chinese yam is not obvious, and in addition, the ridge double-row is not beneficial to the requirement of the rapid weight gain on the water in the expansion period of the tuber, Resulting in a lower yield than a ridge of four rows. In 2015, the maximum biomass of RF4 and R1F1 was 929.28 g m-2 and 984.56 g m-2, respectively, and the leaf area index was also the largest, both of which were 5.03 and 4.61, higher than the other three modes. In 2016, The biomass of R1F1 was 683.20 g m-2 and the leaf area index was 2.17. In 2015, the average tuber weight of R1F4 was 438.90g, which was much higher than the other four treatments. In 2016, the average weight of RF10 and R1F1 was 240.58g and 248.20 g, which was higher than that of other treatments. In 2015, the CV of R1F3 was 26.76%; in 2016, R1F6 is 32.5% CV and its tidiness is relatively high. In 2015, the content of the tuber starch of R1F2 was significantly higher than that of R1F1 and R1F4. In the year of 2016, the starch content of R1F6 and RF6 was significantly higher than that of R1F1. In 2015, the content of crude polysaccharide in the tuber of R1F3 was significantly higher than that of R1F2 and R1F5, in 2016, The double-row mode of ridging is more beneficial to the accumulation of crude polysaccharide. There was a significant difference in the economic benefit of different cultivation modes. In 2015, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F4 and R1F1 was the largest, which was 63761/ hm-2 and 59683-hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F10 and R1F1 was the largest, and the profit was 90736-hm-2 and 1023310-hm-2.7, respectively. According to the invention, the existing cultivation mode of the Buddha-hand Chinese yam can be further optimized, the planting density can be appropriately reduced, the amount of the seed stem can be reduced, the yield is not reduced, and the technical measures such as the reduction of the nitrogen fertilizer by about 15% and the back removal are beneficial to the increase of the average tuber weight, and the flavor quality component in the Chinese yam is improved; The optimization of these cultivation measures is beneficial to the increase of the income of the farmers.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S632.1
[Abstract]:The Chinese yam is one of the six kinds of Chinese yam, which is one of the "National Agricultural Product Geographical Indications"-certified. The main planting pattern is in the city of Wuche, Yichun and Huangmei in Huanggang City, Hubei Province, and has more than 300 years of cultivation history. The main problems in the cultivation of the Buddha's Chinese yam include the propagation of the tuber of the Chinese yam, the large amount of the seed and the high cost of the seed, the large amount of the fertilizer used in the traditional cultivation, the higher the production of the means of production, and the lower utilization efficiency. At present, the systematic research on the cultivation technology of Chinese yam is rare, so it is of great significance to improve the yield and quality of the yam by optimizing the cultivation and to increase the yield and quality of the Chinese yam, and to increase the planting benefit of the farmers. The test is carried out in 2015 and 2016 under the field condition of Zhougan Village, Djinan Town, Wudongde, Hubei Province. The test treatment set in 2015 includes the high-yield cultivation mode of the farmer (R1F1), the nitrogen-reducing and potassium-increasing mode (R1F2), the back-moving mode of the weight-reducing fertilizer (R1F3) and the reduced-density mode (R1F4). 5 treatments of the reduced nitrogen and potassium-increasing mode (R1F5) are adopted, a ridge four rows (R1) are adopted in the cultivation mode, the area of the cell is 64 m2, and the three times are repeated; in 2016, a partial adjustment is made on the basis of the 2015 test, in addition to the retention of a ridge four rows (R1), the cultivation mode of a ridge double row (R2) is added, The cultivation mode of R2 is the main treatment, and the three secondary treatments are as follows: the farmer high-yield fertilizer application (F1), the fertilizer application of the weight-reducing fertilizer (F6), the application of the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer (F7), the adjustment of the second topdressing setting R1 F8, the R2F9, the R1F10, the R2F10 treatment, the auxiliary area area of 60m2, and the repeated three times. The effects of different cultivation patterns on the growth, yield and quality of Chinese yam were compared. The main results are as follows:1. The difference between the year of the growth period of the Buddha and the Chinese yam is large, the whole growth period in 2015 is 237th day, the period of 2016 is 270d, and the difference of the two years is 33d. The main reason for the difference between the year and the year is that the middle-term rainwater in 2016 is more, the weight gain of the later stage of the tuber expansion becomes slow, and the mature time is delayed. The effect of different cultivation density, fertilizer application rate and time of fertilization on the whole growth period of Chinese yam was less than that in the same year. The effect of different cultivation patterns on the yield of Chinese yam was significant, and the yield of both R1F4 and R1F1 in 2015 was 32.99 t hm-2 and 32.87 t hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the yield of R1F1 and R1F10 was the highest, 22.22 t hm-2 and 20.40 t hm-2, respectively. In general, the high nitrogen fertilizer consumption, the high fertilization ratio of the base fertilizer and the vine-vine period is favorable to the improvement of the yield of the Buddha-hand yam, the effect of the application of the nitrogen fertilizer on the Buddha-hand Chinese yam is not obvious, and in addition, the ridge double-row is not beneficial to the requirement of the rapid weight gain on the water in the expansion period of the tuber, Resulting in a lower yield than a ridge of four rows. In 2015, the maximum biomass of RF4 and R1F1 was 929.28 g m-2 and 984.56 g m-2, respectively, and the leaf area index was also the largest, both of which were 5.03 and 4.61, higher than the other three modes. In 2016, The biomass of R1F1 was 683.20 g m-2 and the leaf area index was 2.17. In 2015, the average tuber weight of R1F4 was 438.90g, which was much higher than the other four treatments. In 2016, the average weight of RF10 and R1F1 was 240.58g and 248.20 g, which was higher than that of other treatments. In 2015, the CV of R1F3 was 26.76%; in 2016, R1F6 is 32.5% CV and its tidiness is relatively high. In 2015, the content of the tuber starch of R1F2 was significantly higher than that of R1F1 and R1F4. In the year of 2016, the starch content of R1F6 and RF6 was significantly higher than that of R1F1. In 2015, the content of crude polysaccharide in the tuber of R1F3 was significantly higher than that of R1F2 and R1F5, in 2016, The double-row mode of ridging is more beneficial to the accumulation of crude polysaccharide. There was a significant difference in the economic benefit of different cultivation modes. In 2015, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F4 and R1F1 was the largest, which was 63761/ hm-2 and 59683-hm-2, respectively. In 2016, the profit of the planting patterns of R1F10 and R1F1 was the largest, and the profit was 90736-hm-2 and 1023310-hm-2.7, respectively. According to the invention, the existing cultivation mode of the Buddha-hand Chinese yam can be further optimized, the planting density can be appropriately reduced, the amount of the seed stem can be reduced, the yield is not reduced, and the technical measures such as the reduction of the nitrogen fertilizer by about 15% and the back removal are beneficial to the increase of the average tuber weight, and the flavor quality component in the Chinese yam is improved; The optimization of these cultivation measures is beneficial to the increase of the income of the farmers.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S632.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 景娴;江海;杜欢欢;孟怡t，
本文编号：2498168
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