施肥对两种决明属牧草农艺性状和土壤可溶性氮素的影响
发布时间：2019-06-19 18:14
【摘要】：我国氮肥使用量庞大,常年的使用导致土壤板结,农作物吸收效率低,化肥流失严重,进而造成水体富营养化和地下水的污染,严重破坏生态环境。豆科牧草作为绿肥,对提高土壤肥力具有重要作用,尤其在提高土壤氮素营养方面。前人的研究多集中在大豆作物、大田绿肥等对土壤理化性质的影响方面,而应用于山地的决明属牧草对土壤肥力的改良作用和施肥情况下对土壤可溶性氮素含量和酶活性的影响研究较少。本文通过开展施肥对豆科牧草(圆叶决明和羽叶决明)的农艺性状、土壤可溶性氮素及土壤酶活性的影响研究,旨在为南方山地红壤区圆叶决明和羽叶决明的优质栽培、培肥地力及减少氮肥的使用量提供科学依据和实践指导。主要结果如下:(1)适量施氮、磷和钾肥均能不同程度的提高圆叶决明和羽叶决明株高、根长、结荚数、结瘤数、鲜重、根含氮量、茎含氮量、叶含氮量、荚含氮量和土壤TN,但高肥处理(N5、P5和K5)则具有抑制效应。施肥对两种牧草土壤pH影响不显著(P0.05)。(2)施氮肥条件下,种植圆叶决明土壤TSN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和SON含量均在花期和结荚期较高,分枝期和枯萎期较低;种植羽叶决明土壤4种氮素含量在花期较高,在分枝期则较低。各氮肥处理之间,齐苗期和分枝期,种植圆叶决明土壤4种氮素含量均在随施氮量的增加而增加,花期、结荚期和枯萎期随施氮量的增加均呈先增加后下降的趋势。与N1处理相比,花期和结荚期,N2～N5处理土壤NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量显著增加(P0.05),枯萎期增加不显著(P0.05)。齐苗期和分枝期,羽叶决明土壤4种氮素含量均随施氮量的增加而增加。花期、结荚期和枯萎期,土壤TSN和NO_3~--N含量随施氮量的增加而降低,而土壤NH_4~+-N含量随施氮量的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势。与N1处理相比,花期和结荚期,N2～N5处理土壤NH_4~+-N含量显著性提高(P0.05),枯萎期增加不显著(P0.05)。(3)施氮肥条件下,圆叶决明土壤4种酶活性均在花期和结荚期较高,其他时期活性因酶的种类不同而不同;羽叶决明土壤4种酶活性因酶的种类不同在各时期变现不同。各氮肥处理之间,各时期圆叶决明土壤4种酶活性均表现出随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。与N1处理相比,各时期施氮肥显著增加蛋白酶活性(P0.05),对脲酶活性影响不显著(P0.05);齐苗期和初花期,施氮肥显著提高两种牧草土壤天冬酰胺酶活性(P0.05),其他时期则无显著影响(P0.05);结荚期,施氮肥显著提高两种牧草土壤谷氨酰胺酶活性(P0.05),其他时期影响不显著(P0.05)。(4)施磷肥条件下,圆叶决明和羽叶决明土壤TSN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和SON含量均在花期和结荚期较高。各磷肥处理之间,齐苗期,圆叶决明和羽叶决明土壤TSN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和SON含量均随施磷量的增加而增加,且与P1处理相比,P5处理能显著增加4种氮素含量(P0.05);花期、结荚期和枯萎期,随施磷量的增加圆叶决明土壤TSN含量显著增加(P0.05),而羽叶决明出现高肥(P5处理)抑制(花期)或增加不显著(结荚期)情况。花期、结荚期和枯萎期,两种牧草土壤NH_4~+-N含量随施磷量的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,结荚期和枯萎期,施磷肥则能显著增加其含量(P0.05),花期增加不显著(P0.05);两种牧草施磷可显著提高土壤NO_3~--N和SON含量,但合适的施磷量还有待于研究。(5)施磷肥条件下,花期和结荚期,两种牧草土壤4种酶活性均较高,其他时期其活性因土壤酶种类不同而不同。各磷肥处理之间,各时期两种牧草土壤脲酶活性均无显著性差异(P0.05);两种牧草土壤蛋白酶活性随施磷量的增加呈先增后减的趋势。与P1处理相比,花期、结荚期和枯萎期,施磷肥显著增加两种牧草土壤蛋白酶活性(P0.05),其他时期则增加不显著(P0.05);施磷肥对圆叶决明土壤天冬酰胺酶活性无显著影响。与P1处理相比,施磷肥可显著增加苗期、花期和结荚期羽叶决明土壤天冬酰胺酶活性(P0.05);施磷肥显著增加苗期、分枝期和花期圆叶决明土壤谷氨酰胺酶活性(P0.05),施磷肥显著提高苗期羽叶决明土壤谷氨酰胺酶活性(P0.05)。(6)施钾肥条件下,两种牧草土壤TSN和SON含量均在初花期达到峰值,土壤NH_4~+-N含量在苗期和花期较高,分枝期相对较低,土壤NO_3~--N含量各时期上下浮动不大。各钾肥处理之间,与K1处理相比,苗期和分枝期,K2～K5处理均未显著增加两种牧草土壤TSN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和SON含量(P0.05),之后各时期,施钾肥则能显著性增加4种形态的土壤氮含量(P0.05)。(7)施钾肥条件下,两种牧草土壤4种酶活性均在花期较高,其他时期因土壤酶种类的不同而不同。各钾肥处理之间,各时期两种牧草土壤脲酶活性均无显著性差异(P0.05);与K1处理相比,分枝期、花期和结荚期施钾肥可显著提高两种牧草土壤蛋白酶活性(P0.05);各时期,圆叶决明土壤天冬酰胺酶活性无显著性差异(P0.05)。花期和出荚期,与K1处理相比,施钾肥显著增加羽叶决明土壤天冬酰胺酶活性(P0.05);齐苗期,与K1处理相比,施钾肥显著增加圆叶决明土壤谷氨酰胺酶活性(P0.05)。分枝期和盛花期,与K1处理相比,施钾肥显著增加羽叶决明谷氨酰胺酶活性(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in China is large, the use of the perennial use leads to the hardening of the soil, the crop absorption efficiency is low, the fertilizer loss is serious, and further the eutrophication of the water body and the pollution of the underground water are caused, and the ecological environment is seriously damaged. As a green fertilizer, leguminous grass has an important role in improving soil fertility, especially in improving soil nitrogen nutrition. The previous studies have focused on the effect of soybean crop and field green manure on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the effect on the soil soluble nitrogen content and the enzyme activity under the condition of the improvement of the soil fertility and the effect of the fertilization on the soil fertility is less. In this paper, the effects of fertilization on the agronomic characters, soil soluble nitrogen and soil enzyme activity of legume (leaf and leaf) of Leguminosae are studied. So as to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for improving the soil fertility and reducing the use amount of the nitrogen fertilizer. The main results are as follows: (1) A proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve the height, root length, number of nodulation, number of nodules, fresh weight, nitrogen content of root, nitrogen content of stem, nitrogen content of leaves, nitrogen content of nitrogen and soil TN, but high-fertilizer treatment (N5, P5 and K5) have an inhibitory effect. The effect of fertilization on the pH of two kinds of herbage soils was not significant (P0.05). (2) Under the condition of nitrogen application, the contents of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in the soil were higher, the branching period and the wilt period were lower in the flowering stage and the early stage. The nitrogen content of the four different nitrogen fertilizer treatments was increased with the increase of the application of nitrogen, and the increase of the nitrogen content in the flowering stage, the flowering period and the withered period was the first increase after the increase of the amount of nitrogen. Compared with N1 treatment, the content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N and NO _ 3 ~-N in the soil treated with N2 ~ N5 increased significantly (P0.05). At the seedling stage and the branching stage, the nitrogen content of the soil in the leaves of the leaf of the leaves increased with the increase of the amount of nitrogen. The content of soil TSN and NO _ 3 ~-N decreased with the increase of N, while the content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the soil decreased with the increase of N. The content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the soil treated with N2 ~ N5 was significantly higher than that of N1 treatment (P0.05). (3) Under the condition of nitrogen application, the four kinds of enzyme activities of the Dassia obtusa were higher in the flowering stage and the junction period, and the activity of the active enzymes in the other period was different from that of the enzyme, and the four kinds of enzyme activities of the Pinellia tenuifolia were different in different periods due to the different kinds of the enzymes. The four kinds of enzyme activities in the soil between the treatments of each nitrogen fertilizer and each period showed that the increase of the nitrogen content in the soil showed a tendency to decrease with the increase of the application of nitrogen. Compared with the treatment of N1, the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the activity of the protease (P0.05), and the effect on the activity of the enzyme was not significant (P0.05). The application of nitrogen fertilizer in the seedling stage and the early stage significantly increased the activity of the two kinds of herbage soils (P0.05), and the other period had no significant effect (P0.05). The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil (P0.05), and the effect of the other period was not significant (P0.05). (4) The contents of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in the soil TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N and NO _ 3 ~--N and SON were higher in the condition of phosphate application. The content of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in the soil TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON increased with the increase of P. P. The content of TSN in the soil was significantly increased with the increase of the amount of phosphorus (P0.05). The content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the two kinds of herbage soils increased with the increase of the amount of P. P. P. The content of NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in soil can be obviously improved by the application of two kinds of forage, but the appropriate amount of phosphorus application is still to be studied. (5) The activity of four kinds of the four kinds of herbage soil was higher under the condition of phosphate fertilizer application, and the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil was different due to the different kinds of the soil enzymes. There was no significant difference in the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil in each period (P0.05), and the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil protease increased with the increase of the phosphorus content. Compared with the P1 treatment, the application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil (P0.05), and the other time was not significant (P0.05). P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. (P.05). P. P. P. P. P. significantly increased the activity of aminopeptidase (P.05) in the soil at the seedling stage. (6) The contents of TSN and SON in the soil of the two kinds of herbage reached the peak in the early stage, and the content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the soil was higher in the seedling stage and the flowering stage, the branch period was relatively low, and the content of NO _ 3 ~-N in the soil was not much lower. There were no significant increase in the content of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON (P <0.05) in the soil TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON (P0.05). (7) The four kinds of enzyme activities of the two kinds of herbage soil were higher in the flowering stage under the condition of the application of the potassium fertilizer, and the other time was different due to the different kinds of the soil enzymes. There was no significant difference in the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the activity of the aminopeptidase (P0.05). Compared with the method of K1 treatment, the application of the potassium fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the aminopeptidase (P.05), compared with the K1 treatment, the application of the potassium fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the aminopeptidase (P0.05). In the branching phase and the blooming period, the application of the potassium fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the pinacuminamine (P0.05) compared with the K1 treatment.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S54
本文编号：2502549
[Abstract]:The amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in China is large, the use of the perennial use leads to the hardening of the soil, the crop absorption efficiency is low, the fertilizer loss is serious, and further the eutrophication of the water body and the pollution of the underground water are caused, and the ecological environment is seriously damaged. As a green fertilizer, leguminous grass has an important role in improving soil fertility, especially in improving soil nitrogen nutrition. The previous studies have focused on the effect of soybean crop and field green manure on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the effect on the soil soluble nitrogen content and the enzyme activity under the condition of the improvement of the soil fertility and the effect of the fertilization on the soil fertility is less. In this paper, the effects of fertilization on the agronomic characters, soil soluble nitrogen and soil enzyme activity of legume (leaf and leaf) of Leguminosae are studied. So as to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for improving the soil fertility and reducing the use amount of the nitrogen fertilizer. The main results are as follows: (1) A proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can improve the height, root length, number of nodulation, number of nodules, fresh weight, nitrogen content of root, nitrogen content of stem, nitrogen content of leaves, nitrogen content of nitrogen and soil TN, but high-fertilizer treatment (N5, P5 and K5) have an inhibitory effect. The effect of fertilization on the pH of two kinds of herbage soils was not significant (P0.05). (2) Under the condition of nitrogen application, the contents of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in the soil were higher, the branching period and the wilt period were lower in the flowering stage and the early stage. The nitrogen content of the four different nitrogen fertilizer treatments was increased with the increase of the application of nitrogen, and the increase of the nitrogen content in the flowering stage, the flowering period and the withered period was the first increase after the increase of the amount of nitrogen. Compared with N1 treatment, the content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N and NO _ 3 ~-N in the soil treated with N2 ~ N5 increased significantly (P0.05). At the seedling stage and the branching stage, the nitrogen content of the soil in the leaves of the leaf of the leaves increased with the increase of the amount of nitrogen. The content of soil TSN and NO _ 3 ~-N decreased with the increase of N, while the content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the soil decreased with the increase of N. The content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the soil treated with N2 ~ N5 was significantly higher than that of N1 treatment (P0.05). (3) Under the condition of nitrogen application, the four kinds of enzyme activities of the Dassia obtusa were higher in the flowering stage and the junction period, and the activity of the active enzymes in the other period was different from that of the enzyme, and the four kinds of enzyme activities of the Pinellia tenuifolia were different in different periods due to the different kinds of the enzymes. The four kinds of enzyme activities in the soil between the treatments of each nitrogen fertilizer and each period showed that the increase of the nitrogen content in the soil showed a tendency to decrease with the increase of the application of nitrogen. Compared with the treatment of N1, the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the activity of the protease (P0.05), and the effect on the activity of the enzyme was not significant (P0.05). The application of nitrogen fertilizer in the seedling stage and the early stage significantly increased the activity of the two kinds of herbage soils (P0.05), and the other period had no significant effect (P0.05). The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil (P0.05), and the effect of the other period was not significant (P0.05). (4) The contents of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in the soil TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N and NO _ 3 ~--N and SON were higher in the condition of phosphate application. The content of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in the soil TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON increased with the increase of P. P. The content of TSN in the soil was significantly increased with the increase of the amount of phosphorus (P0.05). The content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the two kinds of herbage soils increased with the increase of the amount of P. P. P. The content of NO _ 3 ~-N and SON in soil can be obviously improved by the application of two kinds of forage, but the appropriate amount of phosphorus application is still to be studied. (5) The activity of four kinds of the four kinds of herbage soil was higher under the condition of phosphate fertilizer application, and the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil was different due to the different kinds of the soil enzymes. There was no significant difference in the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil in each period (P0.05), and the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil protease increased with the increase of the phosphorus content. Compared with the P1 treatment, the application of phosphate fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil (P0.05), and the other time was not significant (P0.05). P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. P. (P.05). P. P. P. P. P. significantly increased the activity of aminopeptidase (P.05) in the soil at the seedling stage. (6) The contents of TSN and SON in the soil of the two kinds of herbage reached the peak in the early stage, and the content of NH _ 4 ~ +-N in the soil was higher in the seedling stage and the flowering stage, the branch period was relatively low, and the content of NO _ 3 ~-N in the soil was not much lower. There were no significant increase in the content of TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON (P <0.05) in the soil TSN, NH _ 4 ~ +-N, NO _ 3 ~-N and SON (P0.05). (7) The four kinds of enzyme activities of the two kinds of herbage soil were higher in the flowering stage under the condition of the application of the potassium fertilizer, and the other time was different due to the different kinds of the soil enzymes. There was no significant difference in the activity of the two kinds of herbage soil (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the activity of the aminopeptidase (P0.05). Compared with the method of K1 treatment, the application of the potassium fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the aminopeptidase (P.05), compared with the K1 treatment, the application of the potassium fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the aminopeptidase (P0.05). In the branching phase and the blooming period, the application of the potassium fertilizer significantly increased the activity of the pinacuminamine (P0.05) compared with the K1 treatment.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S54
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