保山甜柿园主要矿质营养与产量品质的关系及适宜值分析
[Abstract]:The test was carried out on the basis of the survey of soil, fertilizer, water management status, growth character, yield quality, growth dynamics and the determination of soil, leaf and fruit mineral elements through the investigation of soil, fertilizer, water management status, growth character, yield quality, growth dynamics of all orchards in the Longyang District, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, The relationship between the growth and yield of the orchards under different management levels was analyzed, and the relationship between the mineral elements of the soil, the leaves and the fruit and the quality of the fruit was analyzed by using a variety of statistical analysis methods. The content of main mineral elements in fruit and the suitable range of main mineral elements required for high-quality and high-yielding orchards are as follows:1. The management level of the orchard is divided into good, medium and poor three categories by means of the survey of the soil, fertilizer management status and growth character, orchard yield and fruit quality of the 19-year-old Siro's' sweet persimmon garden soil, the fertilizer management condition and the growth character, the orchard yield and the fruit quality. The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth and yield of the orchards under different management levels. The results showed that the average single fruit weight and single plant yield were significantly different among the three management levels (P0.01). the hardness is very significant between 1 (good) and 3 (poor) levels; the soluble solid content and the vitamin C content of the level 1 (good) are significantly higher than that of the 2 (middle) and 3 (poor) levels;1 (good), The carotenoid content of the 2 (medium) level was significantly higher than that of the 3 (poor) level. Most of the leaf characters and the branch characters have a significant difference in different management levels. The results of the phenological and dynamic observations of the sweet persimmon showed that the growth rate of the fruit in the whole fruit was fast-slow and fast, and the growth peak of the second time was about 6-9 weeks and 14 ~ (-1)7 weeks respectively. The changes of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and copper in the leaves and fruits were similar among different sites and varieties, and there was a significant difference between the two places in Yunnan and Zhejiang. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves were lower and are in the process of rapid decline before the bud showed to blossom. As the phosphorus fluidity is poor, the phosphate fertilizer shall be applied in combination with the application of the base fertilizer; the nitrogen and the potassium fertilizer shall be applied before and after the germination, and the nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and the vegetative growth is promoted. After 6-9 weeks and 14 ~ (-1) two-time fruit enlargement period, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fruit decreased continuously, and the decrease of potassium was the largest, and the top dressing should be applied before the expansion period, so as to apply the potassium fertilizer as the main material to improve the quality of the fruit. The mineral elements of the leaves were basically in the stationary phase after 9 ~ (-1) weeks after the flower, and the appropriate period for the sampling of the sweet persimmon leaves was 9 ~ (-1)0 weeks after the flower. By means of the method of screening and optimization of soil and leaf nutrient factors that affect the fruit quality, the measured values of soil and leaf nutrients in each orchard are compared with the theoretical values, and the organic matter content of all the orchards is lower than the theoretical value, and 47.37% of the orchard soil is effective for phosphorus, The effective iron content was low; 84.21% of the orchard leaf nitrogen content was high, 15.79%, 26.32% and 84.21% of the orchard leaf phosphorus, the leaf potassium and the leaf manganese content were low, and the partial soil nutrient and the leaf nutrient were not consistent in the comparison process. The best quality of the fruit theory obtained from the linear programming equations of soil and leaf was as follows: single fruit weight of 331.42 g, 328.63 g, hardness 18.463 kg 路 cm-2, 17.118 kg 路 cm-2, soluble solid content 18.664%, 18.056%, vitamin C 165.22 mg 路 100g ~ (-1), 141.012 mg 路 100g ~ (-1), carotenoid 66.70 mg 路 kg ~ (-1), 71.36 mg 路 kg ~ (-1). The contents of soil nutrients in the Kaki's' sweet persimmon orchard are abundant, and the nutrient content of the leaves is low. In Longyang District, the Majijiro 'sweet persimmon garden is to be applied with organic fertilizer, so as to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and also pay attention to the application of a large amount of fertilizer in combination with various micro-fertilizers; and adjust the soil nutrient proportion and balance the nutrition of the tree body. The contents of the mineral elements in the fruit were as follows: K, P, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu in the fruit. The simple correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the fruit nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium was the best, reaching a very significant level (p0.01); the correlation between the mineral elements of the fruit was better than that of the mineral elements of the leaves. Path analysis is better than simple correlation analysis to reflect the relationship between mineral elements and fruit quality. Path analysis showed that the direct effect of fruit nitrogen (-0.42), calcium (-0.38) and copper (0.332) on the fruit firmness was higher than that of fruit (-0.42), calcium (-0.38) and copper (0.332). The fruit hardness was directly affected by fruit calcium (0.3630), fruit copper (-0.3150) and fruit zinc (0.2660), and the soluble solid was affected by fruit calcium (-0.6670). The direct effect of N (-0.3670) was significant; the direct and indirect effects of the fruit phosphorus (-0.495), calcium (0.428) and potassium (0.394) on the fruit vitamin C were large, and the direct action of the carotenoid was: K (-0.7770) N (0.4520) P (0.42210) Mn (0.3920) Ca (-0.3840). The main component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the yield and fruit quality index of each orchard, the yield and the single fruit of the orchard are the most important in the whole comprehensive evaluation system, and the coefficient of variation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the common orchard is large. The suitable range of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required for high-quality and high-yield orchard (about 3000kg per mu) is: 20.80-27.84 kg/ mu of nitrogen, 6.94-8.06 kg/ mu of phosphorus, 16.83-26.19 kg/ mu of potassium. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fruit of production unit yield (1000kg) were: nitrogen 6.93-9.28 kg, phosphorus 2.31-2.69 kg, potassium 5.61-8.73 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of about 10:3:8. The fertilization of the sweet persimmon in Longyang District is more blind, and the fertilization of some orchards is not balanced. Through the study, the change of the nutrient of the persimmon leaf and the fruit in the growing period is grasped, the key fertilizer period and the sampling period of the sweet persimmon are determined, and the theoretical support is provided for the fertilization and nutrition diagnosis of the sweet persimmon. It is concluded that the fertilization of the sweet persimmon in the Longyang district is more blind, and the fertilization of some orchards is not balanced, and the suitable range of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the high-quality and high-yield sweet persimmon orchard is discussed, and the theoretical basis for the application of the sweet persimmon orchard is provided.
【学位授予单位】:中国林业科学研究院
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:S665.2
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