不同抗性品种向日葵挥发物成分分析及对欧洲葵螟性诱剂诱捕作用的影响

发布时间：2019-07-09 08:32

【摘要】：欧洲葵螟(Homoeosoma nebullum Hiubner)是取食向日葵花盘和种仁最为猖獗的害虫,造成向日葵严重的产量损失和品质下降。本文在前期研究的基础上,选择抗虫油葵品种S31和感虫食葵品种3638C,利用气谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)对不同抗性向日葵品种受害前后花盘挥发物成分进行了分析鉴定,并对主要挥发物组分进行了嗅觉行为测定;在田间进行了向日葵挥发物主要组分对葵螟性诱剂引诱作用的研究。研究结果为提高性信息素的性能及探索开发利用信息物调控葵螟行为的防治途径提供依据。1.向日葵花盘挥发物中主要成分为萜烯类化合物,占90%以上,还有少量的醇类化合物、杂环类化合物、烷烃类化合物、酯类化合物。在受葵螟危害前,抗虫油葵品种S31花盘挥发物中萜烯类化合物种类和总相对含量比感虫食葵品种3638C少,但多检测出9种成分,其中S31挥发物中的β-蒎烯、乙醇、乙酸龙脑酯相对含量均比3638C高;受葵螟危害后,花盘挥发物中萜烯类化合物种类增加,酯类化合物相对含量升高,并有6种新的化合物产生,其中]烯、白菖烯相对含量显著增加,柠檬烯、Y-松油烯、异松油烯3种物质的含量却显著减少,3638C挥发物中的丁酸丁酯消失。2.根据对不同抗性向日葵受葵螟危害前后花盘挥发物的分析结果,选取3种成分即丁酸丁酯、乙酸龙脑酯和柠檬烯在不同浓度梯度(0.1μL/mL、1μL/mL、10μL/mL、102μL/mL、103μL/mL)下对葵螟雄成虫进行嗅觉行为反应测定,表明在高浓度(103μL/mL)下,3种挥发物组分单体、两两挥发物组分按一定比例的混合物对葵螟雄成虫显示有极显著或显著驱避作用;其中,丁酸丁酯、乙酸龙脑酯、丁酸于酯与乙酸龙脑酯的混合物、乙酸龙脑酯与柠檬烯的混合物及丁酸丁酯与柠檬烯的混合物,随着挥发物组分浓度的降低,其对葵螟雄成虫的作用均表现为从驱避到吸引,再逐渐变为无明显作用;除高浓度(103μL/mL)外,柠檬烯对葵螟雄成虫无明显作用;3种挥发物的混合物在适中浓度(1OμL/mL)下对葵螟雄成虫表现为显著吸引作用。3.田间诱捕试验中,单独使用不同浓度的3种挥发物单体丁酸丁酯、乙酸龙脑酯、柠檬烯,均没有引诱到葵螟;而不同浓度下的3种挥发物单体分别和性诱剂的联合诱芯则可以诱到不同数量的葵螟,并且联合诱芯的诱螟量均低于性诱剂单独使用的诱螟量。其中,除丁酸丁酯在高浓度(103μL/mL)、柠檬烯在低浓度(0.1μL/mL)外,不同浓度下的3种成分分别与性诱剂的联合诱芯的诱螟量均显著低于单独使用性诱剂的诱螟量。因此,3种植物挥发物的加入均显著抑制了性诱剂对葵螟雄成虫的引诱作用,并且丁酸丁酯随着浓度的升高其对葵螟性诱剂定向行为的抑制作用逐渐减弱,柠檬烯随着浓度的升高对葵螟性诱剂定向行为的抑制作用逐渐增强,但乙酸龙脑酯的抑制作用与浓度没有明显的关系。
[Abstract]:European sunflower borer (Homoeosoma nebullum Hiubner) is the most rampant pest feeding sunflower disk and seed kernel, resulting in serious yield loss and quality decline of sunflower. Based on the previous study, the insect-resistant oil sunflower variety S31 and the susceptible sunflower variety 3638C were selected to analyze and identify the volatile components of different resistant sunflower varieties before and after injury by gas spectrum mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the olfactory behavior of the main volatile components was measured. The attraction effect of the main components of sunflower volatile components on sunflower borer sex inducers was studied in the field. The results provide a basis for improving the performance of sex pheromones and exploring the ways to control the behavior of sunflower borer by using information materials. The main components of sunflower disk volatiles are terpenes, accounting for more than 90%. There are also a small number of alcohols, heterocyclic compounds, alkane compounds and ester compounds. Before being damaged by sunflower borer, the types and total relative contents of terpenes in disk volatiles of insect-resistant sunflower variety S31 were less than those of susceptible sunflower variety 3638C, but nine more components were detected, among which the relative contents of 尾-pinene, ethanol and bornyl acetate in S31 volatile matter were higher than 3638C. After being damaged by sunflower borer, the types of terpenes in disk volatiles increased, the relative content of esters increased, and six new compounds were produced.] The relative contents of alkene and gladiene increased significantly, but the contents of limonene, Y-terpinene and isoterpinene decreased significantly, and the butylbutyrate in 3638C volatile matter disappeared. 2. According to the analysis results of disk volatiles of different resistant sunflowers damaged by sunflower borer, three components, butylbutyrate, bornyl acetate and limonene, were selected to determine the olfactory behavior of sunflower borer adults at different concentration gradients (0.1 渭 L / mL, 1 渭 L / mL, 10 渭 L / mL, 102 渭 L / mL, 103 渭 L / mL). The results showed that at high concentration (103 渭 L / mL), three volatile components were monomers. The mixture of two volatile components in a certain proportion showed very significant or significant repellent effect on the male adults of sunflower borer. Among them, the mixture of butylbutyrate, bornyl acetate, butyrate and bornyl acetate, the mixture of bornyl acetate and limonene and the mixture of butylbutyrate and limonene showed that their effects on sunflower borer adults were from repellent to attraction, and then gradually changed into no obvious effect, except for high concentration (103 渭 L / mL), limonene had no obvious effect on sunflower borer adults. The mixture of the three volatile substances showed significant attraction to sunflower borer adults at moderate concentration (10 渭 L / mL). In the field entrapment experiment, three volatile monomer butyrate, bornyl acetate and limonene were used alone to induce sunflower borer, while the combined inducer of three volatile monomers and sex inducers at different concentrations could induce different quantities of sunflower borer, and the amount of induced stem borer was lower than that of sex inducer alone, while the combined concentration of three volatile monomers, bornyl acetate and limonene, were not attracted to sunflower borer, while the combined concentration of volatile monomer and sex inducer could induce different quantities of sunflower borer, and the amount of induced stem borer was lower than that of sex inducer alone. With the exception of butylbutyrate at high concentration (103 渭 L / mL), limonene at low concentration (0.1 渭 L / mL), the number of borer induced by the combined core of three components and sex inducer at different concentrations was significantly lower than that of sex inducer alone. Therefore, the addition of three plant volatiles significantly inhibited the inducement of sex inducers on sunflower borer adults, and the inhibitory effect of butylbutyrate on the directional behavior of sunflower borer sex inducers was gradually weakened with the increase of concentration, and the inhibitory effect of limonene on the directional behavior of sunflower borer sex inducers increased with the increase of concentration, but the inhibitory effect of bornyl acetate on the directional behavior of sunflower borer was not significantly related to the concentration of bornyl acetate.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.655

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