当代中国民间道德力量研究
发布时间：2018-09-12 12:19
【摘要】：自下而上的民间道德力量的养成与发展,是当代中国道德建设中一个重要而现实的课题。道德力量按其来源可分为官方道德力量和民间道德力量,官方道德力量通过国家的道德干预来完成；民间道德力量是人民群众中的、非官方的道德意识、道德规范和道德实践产生的作用与效力,它既有对孝老爱亲、诚实守信等传统美德的践行,又有现代公民对公共生活的主体积极参与。民间道德力量的主体是基层普通百姓,具体包括民间道德个体、民间公益组织与临时性公民群体。人道、人性、人伦与人情是民间道德力量的道德基础,自发性、及时性、朴素性和纯粹性是其特性表现。 官方道德力量和民间道德力量共同构成道德建设的两个维度。道德建设是官方和民间的共同责任,官方道德力量需要民间道德力量的积极回应以取得共鸣,民间道德力量要有官方道德力量的有效引导以避免放任自流。以往道德建设中官方色彩比较浓厚,民间道德力量受到的重视程度不够,影响了道德建设的实效性。人民群众的历史地位、国家道德干预的有限性和道德整合的特点都决定了民间道德力量建设的必要性,道德建设不能只是自上而下的官方“独白”,民意基础十分重要,发挥民间道德力量作用是社会主义道德建设的必然趋势。 民间道德力量在当代中国的成长有其物质动因、精神动因和社会动因。市场经济发展带来的民间财富积累及公民物质生活水平的改善、迅捷发展的大众传媒为其成长提供了物质动因；深厚的中国传统文化积淀、公民社会进程中民间主体意识的觉醒、具有人文关怀的现代公益慈善理念是其成长的主要精神动因；社会动因则主要基于转型期公民社会开始发育的背景,社会宽容渐次增加、国家道德控制的弱化和公共领域的拓展为民间活力焕发创造了机遇。从实践看,民间道德力量的善心善行,以公民行动为主要表达途径,从个体、社会和国家三个层面影响着当代中国的道德建设。不过,民间道德力量在当代中国的成长并不充分,从整体看还比较弱小,成长还不够稳定。其成长过程中受到重“私德”轻“公德”的观念、现代犬儒主义冷漠态度、有限的制度空间和潜规则、隐权力盛行的社会环境等因素制约。 民间道德力量未来的培育,关键是培育位于其中的主体,从传统德育到公民教育是民间道德力量主体培育的重要途径。现阶段德育实效性低的背后是国家功利主义的惯性思维。衡量一个时代的德育教育是否自由、公正、平等的重要标准是这个时代能否培养出千姿百态而又有一定价值共识的优质公民。公民教育应当以理想型公民的培养作为参照,以平等、开放、宽容为原则,激发公民情怀,教导公民知识,化育公民意识,培养公民行动能力。 民间道德力量的未来发展取决于官方与民间共同的努力。“善治”视域下官方道德力量的应然角色是先导、倡导、领导,而民间也应当在个体和组织两个不同角色上对自身发展作出回应。民间道德力量在当今中国的发展,并不能够独立而行,政府的“合理化”推手必不可少。应当通过完善社会主义市场经济体制、实现藏富于民,建立民间道德力量发展的经济基础；通过规范和限制公共权力、扩大公民有序政治参与,奠定民间道德力量发展的政治基础；通过构筑责任媒体、营造公民舆论氛围,建设民间道德力量发展的舆论环境,形成推动民间道德力量发展的外部合力。总之,其逻辑进路是：以公民教育提升民间道德主体,以自发到自觉的公民行动扩大民间的道德影响力,以民间道德力量与官方道德力量的上下互动推动公民道德发展和道德治理,进而推动整个社会的经济伦理与政治伦理进步,并且,在这样的良性互动中成就民间道德力量自身发展的基础和条件。这也是民间道德力量从自发逐渐走向主体自觉的过程。
[Abstract]:The cultivation and development of the folk moral power from bottom to top is an important and realistic topic in the moral construction of contemporary China.The moral power can be divided into the official moral power and the folk moral power according to its source.The official moral power is accomplished by the state's moral intervention.The folk moral power is the unofficial morality among the people. Moral consciousness, moral norms and moral practice play an important role in the practice of traditional virtues, such as filial piety, loving relatives, honesty and trustworthiness, and the active participation of modern citizens in public life. Humanity, humanity, human relations and human relations are the moral basis of the folk moral force. Spontaneity, timeliness, simplicity and purity are its characteristics.
Moral construction is the common responsibility of the government and the people. The official moral force needs the positive response of the folk moral force to obtain resonance. The folk moral force needs the effective guidance of the official moral force to avoid indulgence. The historical position of the masses, the limitation of the state's moral intervention and the characteristics of moral integration all determine the necessity of the construction of the folk moral force. Moral construction can not be just the official "monologue" from the top down. The ideological foundation is very important, and the role of folk moral strength is the inevitable trend of socialist moral construction.
The growth of folk moral force in contemporary China has its material, spiritual and social motives. The accumulation of folk wealth and the improvement of citizens'material living standards brought about by the development of market economy have provided material motives for its growth by the rapid development of mass media; the profound accumulation of traditional Chinese culture, and the folk owners in the process of civil society. The awakening of body consciousness and the concept of modern public welfare charity with humanistic care are the main spiritual motives for its growth; the social motives are mainly based on the background of the development of civil society in the transitional period, the gradual increase of social tolerance, the weakening of state moral control and the expansion of the public sphere, which create opportunities for the vigor of the people. The goodwill and good deeds of inter-moral forces are mainly expressed by civic actions, which affect the moral construction of contemporary China from three aspects: individual, social and state. However, the growth of non-governmental moral forces in contemporary China is not sufficient, and the overall growth is relatively weak and unstable. The concept of public morality, the indifferent attitude of modern cynicism, the limited institutional space and hidden rules, and the social environment in which hidden power prevails are constrained.
The key to the future cultivation of the folk moral force is to cultivate the main body in it. From traditional moral education to civic education is an important way to cultivate the main body of the folk moral force. Citizenship education should take the cultivation of ideal citizens as a reference, take equality, openness and tolerance as the principles, stimulate citizens'feelings, teach citizens' knowledge, educate citizens'consciousness and cultivate citizens' action ability.
The future development of the folk moral force depends on the joint efforts of the government and the people.The proper role of the official moral force in the vision of "good governance" is to guide, advocate and lead, and the people should respond to their own development in the two different roles of individuals and organizations.The development of the folk moral force in China today can not be independent. The government's "rationalization" is indispensable. We should perfect the socialist market economic system, realize the wealth of the people, and establish the economic foundation for the development of folk moral forces; enlarge citizens'orderly political participation by regulating and restricting public power; and lay the political foundation for the development of folk moral forces; and by building responsibility. In a word, the logical approach is to promote the main body of folk morality by civic education, expand the influence of folk morality by spontaneous and conscious civic action, and use the force of folk morality and official morality. The interaction of power promotes the development of civic morality and moral governance, and then promotes the progress of economic ethics and political ethics of the whole society. In such a benign interaction, the foundation and conditions for the self-development of civic moral forces are achieved.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D648
本文编号：2238985
[Abstract]:The cultivation and development of the folk moral power from bottom to top is an important and realistic topic in the moral construction of contemporary China.The moral power can be divided into the official moral power and the folk moral power according to its source.The official moral power is accomplished by the state's moral intervention.The folk moral power is the unofficial morality among the people. Moral consciousness, moral norms and moral practice play an important role in the practice of traditional virtues, such as filial piety, loving relatives, honesty and trustworthiness, and the active participation of modern citizens in public life. Humanity, humanity, human relations and human relations are the moral basis of the folk moral force. Spontaneity, timeliness, simplicity and purity are its characteristics.
Moral construction is the common responsibility of the government and the people. The official moral force needs the positive response of the folk moral force to obtain resonance. The folk moral force needs the effective guidance of the official moral force to avoid indulgence. The historical position of the masses, the limitation of the state's moral intervention and the characteristics of moral integration all determine the necessity of the construction of the folk moral force. Moral construction can not be just the official "monologue" from the top down. The ideological foundation is very important, and the role of folk moral strength is the inevitable trend of socialist moral construction.
The growth of folk moral force in contemporary China has its material, spiritual and social motives. The accumulation of folk wealth and the improvement of citizens'material living standards brought about by the development of market economy have provided material motives for its growth by the rapid development of mass media; the profound accumulation of traditional Chinese culture, and the folk owners in the process of civil society. The awakening of body consciousness and the concept of modern public welfare charity with humanistic care are the main spiritual motives for its growth; the social motives are mainly based on the background of the development of civil society in the transitional period, the gradual increase of social tolerance, the weakening of state moral control and the expansion of the public sphere, which create opportunities for the vigor of the people. The goodwill and good deeds of inter-moral forces are mainly expressed by civic actions, which affect the moral construction of contemporary China from three aspects: individual, social and state. However, the growth of non-governmental moral forces in contemporary China is not sufficient, and the overall growth is relatively weak and unstable. The concept of public morality, the indifferent attitude of modern cynicism, the limited institutional space and hidden rules, and the social environment in which hidden power prevails are constrained.
The key to the future cultivation of the folk moral force is to cultivate the main body in it. From traditional moral education to civic education is an important way to cultivate the main body of the folk moral force. Citizenship education should take the cultivation of ideal citizens as a reference, take equality, openness and tolerance as the principles, stimulate citizens'feelings, teach citizens' knowledge, educate citizens'consciousness and cultivate citizens' action ability.
The future development of the folk moral force depends on the joint efforts of the government and the people.The proper role of the official moral force in the vision of "good governance" is to guide, advocate and lead, and the people should respond to their own development in the two different roles of individuals and organizations.The development of the folk moral force in China today can not be independent. The government's "rationalization" is indispensable. We should perfect the socialist market economic system, realize the wealth of the people, and establish the economic foundation for the development of folk moral forces; enlarge citizens'orderly political participation by regulating and restricting public power; and lay the political foundation for the development of folk moral forces; and by building responsibility. In a word, the logical approach is to promote the main body of folk morality by civic education, expand the influence of folk morality by spontaneous and conscious civic action, and use the force of folk morality and official morality. The interaction of power promotes the development of civic morality and moral governance, and then promotes the progress of economic ethics and political ethics of the whole society. In such a benign interaction, the foundation and conditions for the self-development of civic moral forces are achieved.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D648
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