文化差异与俄语文化词汇汉译

发布时间：2018-06-02 15:52

本文选题：中俄文化差异 + 语言与文化　；参考：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，语言文化学的研究引起了世界众多学者的关注。语言文化学作为一门独立的学科，是在语言与文化的相互联系的基础上创建的。该学科主要研究民族语言及该语言所表现的物质、精神文化。 “文化”作为语言文化学的一个基础概念至今仍没有一个统一的公认的定义。在不同的学科门类中，对“文化”一词有着不同的理解。在本文中，我们从语言文化学的角度对文化进行理解，并借用了В.А.玛斯洛娃对文化所作出的定义：文化是人类所有活动形式的总和，它建立在一系列的目标与规范、价值与标准、模式与范例的基础之上，文化是一种可继承的集体记忆，只有在与其他文化的“对话”中这种记忆才能够存在。该定义是本文中俄文化对比的理论基础。 20世纪，很多语言学家对语言与文化的相互联系进行了大量的研究，并取得了丰硕的研究成果。这为我们分析中俄文化差异在俄语词汇中的体现奠定了基础。作为最积极的语言单位，词汇本身包含了丰富的民族文化信息，能够从多方面反映一个民族的文化。文化词汇通常很难被不同文化的人所理解，因此文化词汇的理解也成了跨文化交际中的一个重要障碍。翻译是跨文化交际的直接手段。合理的运用翻译方法不仅能够相对完整的传达词汇所隐藏的信息，还能有效地帮助外国读者理解译文。本论文由三部分组成，引言、正文三章和结语：引言中我们确定了研究范围，明确了研究对象，研究目标和任务。还阐述了选题的依据，研究的方法和意义。第一章《语言与文化》包含四个小节。第一节中从语言文化学的角度明确了文化的含义。第二节研究了语言与文化的相互联系，并证实了语言是进行文化研究的基础。第三节中阐述了选择词汇作为研究对象的原因。第四节描述了词汇的语义结构，并对“无等值词汇”、“背景词汇”和“伴随意义词汇”进行了定义。第二章《中俄文化差异及其在俄语词汇中的体现》由两小节构成。第一节中列举了中俄文化的主要差异，第二节总结了中俄文化差异在俄语词汇中的体现。第三章《俄语文化词汇的汉译》总结了若干种反映中俄文化差异的俄语词汇的汉译方法。本章中用到的实例都来自于文学作品以及最近半年内的大众传媒文本。结语部分对研究的结论进行了总结，，进一步指出了本论文的理论意义和实践意义。对中俄两国的文化差异及其在俄语词汇中的体现进行研究，丰富和补充了语言文化学及跨文化交际学的内容。对文化词汇的翻译技巧进行的总结有助于进一步推动文化交流。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of linguistic culturology has attracted the attention of many scholars all over the world. As an independent discipline, linguistic culturology was founded on the basis of the interrelation between language and culture. The subject mainly studies the national language and the material, spiritual and cultural manifestations of the language. As a basic concept of linguistic culturology, there is still no uniform and accepted definition of "culture". The word "culture" is understood differently in different disciplines. In this paper, we understand culture from the perspective of linguistic culturology, and borrow. Maslova's definition of culture: culture is the sum of all forms of human activity. It is based on a series of goals and norms, values and standards, models and paradigms. Culture is an inheritable collective memory. This memory can only exist in dialogue with other cultures. This definition is the theoretical basis of the cultural contrast between China and Russia. In the 20th century, many linguists made a great deal of research on the interrelation between language and culture, and made a lot of achievements. This lays a foundation for us to analyze the cultural differences between China and Russia in Russian vocabulary. As the most active language unit, vocabulary itself contains abundant national cultural information, which can reflect a nation's culture in many ways. Cultural vocabulary is often difficult to be understood by people from different cultures, so understanding of cultural vocabulary has become an important obstacle in cross-cultural communication. Translation is a direct means of cross-cultural communication. The reasonable application of translation method can not only convey the hidden information of vocabulary, but also help foreign readers to understand the target text. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, three chapters and conclusion: In the introduction, we define the scope of the research, clear the research object, research objectives and tasks. It also expounds the basis, research methods and significance of the topic. Chapter one, language and Culture, consists of four sections. The first section clarifies the meaning of culture from the perspective of linguistic culturology. The second section studies the relationship between language and culture, and confirms that language is the basis of cultural research. The third section expounds the reasons for choosing vocabulary as the object of study. The fourth section describes the semantic structure of vocabulary, and defines "non-equivalent vocabulary", "background vocabulary" and "concomitant meaning vocabulary". Chapter two, Cultural difference between China and Russia and its embodiment in Russian Vocabulary, consists of two sections. The first section enumerates the main differences between Chinese and Russian culture, and the second section summarizes the embodiment of Chinese and Russian cultural differences in Russian vocabulary. Chapter three, Translation of Russian Cultural Vocabulary from Chinese to Chinese, summarizes some Chinese translation methods of Russian words which reflect the cultural differences between China and Russia. The examples used in this chapter come from literature and mass media texts in the last six months. The conclusion summarizes the conclusions and further points out the theoretical and practical significance of this paper. This paper studies the cultural differences between China and Russia and their embodiment in Russian vocabulary, which enriches and complements the contents of linguistic culturology and cross-cultural communication. A summary of cultural vocabulary translation techniques is helpful to further promote cultural exchange.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H35

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