关于日语动量词的研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 23:46

本文选题：动量词 + 形态位置　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：量词长期以来一直受到日语学界的关注，但是人们普遍把焦点集中在名量词的研究上，动量词的使用和研究一直未引起人们的足够重视。中文将量词分为名量词（或者是计量具体事物的物量词）和动量词（计量动作事件的量词），但在日语中，量词的下位分类中却不存在“动量词”这一说法。然而在日语的实际使用中，却经常能看到譬如「一口食べる）」「一回りする」等和汉语动量词几乎可以完全对应的用法。另外，中文中还经常出现如“打三下”，“喝四口”的复数表现，但是日语中这样的用法却很少见。为何同样意义的数量表现其动词、数词和动量词的搭配却存在如此差异呢？这其中是否有一定规律可循呢？笔者以为，诸如以上关于日语动量词的疑问有一定值得深入探讨的价值。因此，本文从出处、动量词在文中的出现位置和形态及其语法功能等侧面对日语动量词进行了考察，以求找出日语动量词的特征。从出处来看，在专用动量词方面，中日动量词的专用动量词的主要构成大体一致，主要由“回”“度”“遍”等词构成。而在借用动量词方面，主要来自借自名词和借自动词连用形的两类动量词。其次，在句中的使用形态来看，借自名词的借用动量词和借自动词连用形的在句中的使用形态都很丰富，一般都和数词搭配使用，但是，常用且符合动量词用法的使用形态在借自名词的动量词中仅有“一+借自名词动量词+动词”“一+借自名词动量词+する”两种；借自动词连用形的形态中仅有“一+动词连用形+动词”“一+动词连用形+する”两种格式。从在句子中的位置来看，日语动量词可分为出现在动词前和直接充当谓语的两种情况。此外，本文对借用动量词在句子中的分布情况也进行了一定分析。借用动量词经常用于「一＋R盏闹龏^＋R諍^」和「一＋R盏闹龏^＋する」两种格式中，但是，，借用动量词在这两种格式中的分布比例却并不完全一致，从考察结果来看，借用动量词更容易出现在「一＋R盏闹龏^＋R諍^」这类格式中。最后，本文还对借用动量词和数词、动词的搭配关系进行了考察。在「Ｎ＋R盏闹龏^＋する」和「Ｎ＋R盏闹龏^＋R諍^」两种格式中数词的使用受到了严格的限制，一般情况下都仅限于“一”。不过，在「Ｎ＋R盏闹龏^＋R諍^」中，数词所受的限制相对较小。两种格式都有复数数词和借用动量词搭配的例子，但数量相对较少。而在和动词的搭配方面，借自名词的动量词在和动词搭配时，倾向于与各类借用动量词在意义上有紧密联系的一类动词搭配，而借自动词连用形的动量词则更倾向于和含有非持续意义的动词搭配。
[Abstract]:Quantifiers have been paid much attention by Japanese scholars for a long time, but people generally focus on the study of nominal-quantifiers, and the use and research of momentum words have not been paid enough attention to. In Chinese, quantifiers are divided into nominal classifiers (or object quantifiers for measuring specific things) and momentum words (quantifiers for measuring action events). However, in Japanese, there is no such expression as "verb quantifier" in the lower classification of quantifiers. However, in the practical use of Japanese, it is often found that the Chinese quantifiers, such as "one mouthful", "one time" and "one time", can almost completely correspond to Chinese verb quantifiers. In addition, plural expressions such as "three strokes" and "four mouthfuls" often appear in Chinese, but they are rarely used in Japanese. Why is there such a difference in the collocation of verbs, numerals and momentum words in the same meaning? Is there a certain rule to follow? The author thinks that, for example, the above questions about Japanese momentum words are worthy of further discussion. Therefore, this paper makes an investigation of the Japanese verb quantifiers from the origin, the appearance position, the morphology and the grammatical function of the momentum words in the text, in order to find out the features of the Japanese momentum words. From the source, the main components of the special momentum words of the Chinese and Japanese momentum words are basically the same, which are mainly composed of the words "Hui" du "everywhere" and so on. In the aspect of borrowing variable quantifier, it mainly comes from two kinds of verb quantifiers: borrowing nouns and borrowing automatic words. Secondly, in the form of use in the sentence, the use form of the borrowed momentum word from the noun and the form of the borrowing automatic word in the sentence are very rich, they are generally used with numerals, but, There are only two kinds of "one verb borrowed from noun" and "one borrowed noun momentum word". There are only two forms of "one verb" and "one verb" in the form of "one verb". From the position in the sentence, the Japanese quantifier can be divided into two situations, which appear before the verb and serve as the predicate directly. In addition, the distribution of borrowed momentum words in sentences is also analyzed. Borrowed quantifiers are often used in "one + R"? "+ R" and "one + R"? However, the distribution ratio of the borrowed momentum words in these two formats is not exactly the same. From the results of the investigation, the borrowed variable quantifiers are more likely to appear in the "one + R" pattern. In such forms as + R debate ^. Finally, the collocation of verbs and numerals is investigated. In "N + R"? "and" N + R "? The use of numerals in the two formats is strictly restricted and is generally limited to "one". But in "N + R"? In + R, numerals are relatively limited. Both formats have examples of plural numerals and borrowing quantifiers, but the number is relatively small. However, in the collocation of verbs, the momentum words borrowed from nouns tend to collocate with a class of verbs which are closely related to each other in the sense of borrowed momentum words. The verb quantifier with the form of automatic words is more inclined to collocate with the verb with non-lasting meaning.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H36

【参考文献】