代写美国留学生作业：Heavy Drinking Behavior among Adult Men in Urban A
发布时间：2017-09-19 14:29
Heavy Drinking Behavior among Adult Men in Urban Areas of China
美国卫生和人类服务部规定，重度饮酒标准是男性饮酒超过每天两单位，每周超过14单位，女性每天饮酒超过一单位，，每周超过七单位（1个标准单位：纯酒精14克）。酗酒是一个公共卫生问题，酗酒和滥用会导致社会健康问题。建议饮用应控制在适当的限度；成年男性饮酒不超过25克一天，成年女性为15g。适度饮酒可以使人感觉良好，保持活跃，而过量饮酒可能对酒精的内部器官，造成损害的免疫系统，和其他症状如抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、伴随着缺乏自控能力和责任感，社交障碍等现象。酗酒还会带来一些社会问题，如失业、家庭破裂、无家可归、经济损失、交通事故和故意伤害。U.S. Department of Health and Human Services defines the heavy drinking as male drink more than two units per day, more than 14 units a week and female drink more than one unit per day, more than seven units per week (1 standard unit: 14 grams of pure alcohol). Heavy drinking is a public health problem; alcohol use and abuse lead to social health problems. It is suggested that the drinking should be controlled at the appropriate limit; adult men’s drinking does not exceed 25g one day, adult women for 15g. Moderate drinking can make people feel good and stay active, while heavy drinking can cause harm for alcoholic’s internal organs, immune system, and the drinkers have the symptoms like depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia and psychosis, accompanied by a lack of self-control ability and responsibility, social dysfunction and other phenomena (Room et al. 2005). Heavy drinking also brings some social issues, such as unemployment, family broke up, homeless, financial loss, traffic accidents and intentional injury.
Adult men aged over 18 who live in urban areas of China are the intended audience in this research. The researcher pointed out that although more than half of adult men in China do not drink, drinkers drink average 15.1 liters of pure alcohol per year, equivalent to 40 ml of alcohol every day, which is more than adult men’s drinking in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Australia, New Zealand and many other countries (Drope, 2012). Heavy drinking poses influence on adult men in urban areas of China, which leads to their individual psychological and social dysfunction, directly affect the physical and mental health, marriage, family and achievement of various social functions. As the wine culture has a long history in China, the wine has a pivotal role in Chinese social life (Rueger et al. 2015). The reason to choose the intended audience is that Chinese adult men are easily immersed in excessive drinking and adult men play important role in families and society because of Chinese traditional culture.
Clinical studies have shown that the evaluation scores of heavy drinkers’ social acceptance degree, resilience, autonomy and self-esteem are low (ML, 1988). At the same time the scores of individual in depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia and mental factors are significantly higher. Drinkers’ scores in interpersonal evaluation, rationality and intellectuality are lower than the control group. Therefore, the chronic alcoholics often lack a sense of responsibility and self-control, and get dissatisfied with reasonable criticism. Heavy drinking often occurs in the lower social strata crowd, alcoholic’s parents often drink excessive alcohols. Alcoholics usually regard the heavy drinking as an important way to vent out intense psychological potential due to the inner conflict and psychological conflicts.
Drope, J. (2012), Trade and public health: the WTO, tobacco, alcohol and diet by Benn McGrady Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011. General Information, Special 2, 342-346
ML., W. (1988), Organic mental disorders associated with heavy drinking and alcohol dependence, Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 4
Room, R., Babor, T. & Rehm, J. (2005), Alcohol and public health, Lancet, 365(9): 519-530
Rueger, Y., Hu, H., McNamara, P., Cao, D., Hao, W., & King, C. (2015), Differences in subjective response to alcohol in heavy- and light-drinking Chinese men versus Caucasian American men, Addiction,110(1): 91–99
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