一个显著的进步—通过分析战争电影研究从越南战争到伊拉克战争战争创伤荧幕塑造的演变

发布时间：2018-02-23 06:53

本文关键词： 越南战争电影伊拉克战争电影战争创伤演变　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文把创伤研究和比较研究结合起来研究从越南战争到伊拉克战争期间战争电影对战争创伤症状和创伤宣泄手段的呈现的演变,并探讨这种演变是否是一种进步。电影是一种潜意识的集体文化,人们对事物的看法都会在电影中有集中表现,只有观众赞同了电影所表达的内核,电影才会获奖或者收到票房。因此,本文选择电影的标准是电影须为经典的获奖战争电影同时主角是战争创伤受害者,所以越南战争电影选择了《出租车司机》(1976),和"兰博系列"电影《第一滴血》(1982),《兰博:第一滴血2》(1985),《兰博3》(1988)和《兰博》(2008)来作为分析对象,伊拉克战争电影选择了《决战伊拉谷》(2007)和《美国狙击手》(2014)来作为分析对象。在比较中,为了使论证更加有力,本文还选择了其他越南战争电影和伊拉克电影作为支持论据,越战电影有《猎鹿人》(1978),《生于七月四日》(1989),伊拉克战争电影有《非常时期》(2006),《拆弹部队》(2008)。通过比较越南战争电影和伊拉克战争电影对创伤及治愈的展现,发现了演变主要表现在两个方面,一是创伤的受害者由只注重描述士兵的战争创伤扩大范围到包括战争后方群众尤其是士兵家属的创伤。二是创伤的暴力宣泄由越南战争电影中的设定为道德的到伊拉克战争电影中设定为不道德的。通过对这两大演变的分析讨论,作者发现从越南战争电影到伊拉克战争电影,尽管电影仍存在明显不足之处,如仍强调"阳刚"的创伤症状及暴力宣泄,为士兵的杀戮脱罪,和在治愈的过程中仍缺少对侵略地人民的赎罪,伊拉克战争电影在创伤受害者,暴力宣泄,社会支持和寻找"元凶"等四个方面产生了极大进步。比起不足,进步更值得肯定。从越南战争电影到伊拉克战争电影,创伤受害者从只有士兵们到扩大到包括美国战争后方的美国公民尤其是士兵的家庭成员,创伤受害者得到了更好的社会支持,创伤的暴力宣泄由越南战争电影中的道德的转变为伊拉克战争电影里的不道德,暴力宣泄遭到批判。最后,在寻找"元凶"上,越南战争电影责怪女性的冷漠阻碍了士兵回归社会,但是伊拉克战争电影责怪父亲,作为男权文化的象征,是战争创伤的真正根源。因此,比起越南战争电影,伊拉克战争不但电影扩大了受害者范围,呈现了如何进行合理的心理治愈,而且不再单纯塑造受害者形象,而是借他们的心理创伤,批判了美国士兵的入侵和杀戮者的身份和美国的战争文化。所以,尽管有明显的不足之处,如仍过于强调"阳刚"的创伤症状及暴力宣泄,仍为士兵的杀戮脱罪,和在治愈的过程中仍缺少对侵略地人民有任何的赎罪,创伤的荧幕塑造发生了相当明显的进步。
[Abstract]:This paper combines trauma studies with comparative studies to study the evolution of the presentation of war trauma symptoms and methods of catharsis by war films from the Vietnam War to the Iraq War. And explore whether this evolution is a kind of progress. Film is a subconscious collective culture in which people's views of things are concentrated in the film, and only the audience agrees with the core of the film. Therefore, the criteria for this selection is that the film must be a classic award winning war film and the protagonist is the victim of war trauma. So the Vietnam War movies chose "Taxi driver" (1976), and "Rambo Series" "first drop of Blood" (1982), < Rambo: first drop of Blood 2 > Blood2 > 1985, < Rambo 3 > No.8 (1988) and < Rambo > 2008] as analysis objects. Iraq War movies selected "Iraq War Elah Valley" 2007) and "American sniper" 2014) as analysis objects. In order to make the argument more powerful, this paper also chooses other Vietnam War films and Iraqi films as supporting arguments. The Vietnam War films include Deer Hunter, 1978, born on July 4th, 1989, Iraq War, the extraordinary period, 2006, and the Anti-bomb Forces, 2008. By comparing the Vietnam War movies with the Iraqi War movies, they show the trauma and healing. Found that the evolution is mainly in two aspects, One is that the victims of trauma have expanded from the war trauma, which only focuses on describing the soldiers, to include the trauma of the people behind the war, especially the soldiers' family members. The second is that the violent release of the trauma has been made moral by the Vietnam war film. The Iraq War movies are supposed to be immoral. Through an analysis of these two major developments, The author finds that the films from the Vietnam War to the Iraq War, despite the obvious shortcomings of the film, such as the stress of the "masculine" trauma symptoms and violent catharsis, decriminalize the killing of soldiers. And in the healing process there is still a lack of atonement for the people in the area of aggression, and the Iraqi war films have made great progress in four areas, namely, victims of trauma, violent catharsis, social support and the search for "culprits." Progress is even more positive. From Vietnam War movies to Iraq War movies, trauma victims range from only soldiers to family members of American citizens, especially soldiers, who have expanded to include the back of the US war. Victims of trauma have received better social support, the violent catharsis of trauma has changed from morality in Vietnam war movies to immorality in Iraq war movies, and violent catharsis has been criticized. Finally, in the search for the "culprit," Vietnam war movies blame women's apathy for preventing soldiers from returning to society, but Iraqi war movies blame fathers, as symbols of patriarchal culture, as the real source of war trauma. The Iraq War not only expanded the scope of the victims, presented how to carry out reasonable psychological healing, but also used their psychological trauma instead of merely shaping the image of the victims. Criticizing the identity of American soldiers as invaders and murderers and the American culture of war. Therefore, despite its obvious shortcomings, such as too much emphasis on the traumatic symptoms of "masculinity" and violent catharsis, it still decriminalizes the killing of soldiers, And in the healing process still lacking any atonement for the invading people, traumatic screen shaping has made considerable progress.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J905

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