评价理论视角下《阿甘正传》影评中态度资源的研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 07:27

本文选题：评价理论　切入点：态度资源　出处：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着大众传媒的蓬勃发展，电影产业迎来了崭新的时代。与此同时，作为与电影紧密相关的一种评价文体，影评具有重要的研究价值并且引起了越来越多的关注。一方面，观众可以利用影评来表达自己对电影以及电影中人物、情节等的感受和态度。另一方面，通过阅读他人的影评，读者既可以判断某一部电影是否值得观看，也可以学习如何理解和赏析该电影。另外，由于影评旨在分析和评价电影的审美价值和社会意义，这也就使得影评对于电影导演拓展视野并改善其作品起到了不容小觑的作用。由此可见，影评在电影艺术的发展与繁荣过程中扮演着重要的角色。然而目前，影评的质量参差不齐，影评中相关评价资源的应用仍然存在不规范的现象。因此，，研究如何利用各种评价资源写好影评以及如何从他人的影评中获取有效的信息是十分重要而且必要的。如上所述，影评是一种以评价资源为基础的特殊的评价文体。评价是语言的基本功能之一，语言学家针对语言的评价功能开展了大量的研究并提出了许多有价值的理论。其中，由马丁和他的同事提出的评价理论赢得了广泛的认同。马丁认为评价理论包括三个子系统，即态度、介入和级差，并且以态度系统为核心。自创立以来，评价理论已被用于众多文体的研究，这些研究进一步发展了评价理论并取得了大量成果。然而，由于评价理论是一个相对新兴的学科，所以它仍然存在一些局限和有待解决的问题，例如，缺少具体的分类标准和统一的术语。另外，在评价理论的框架下对影评这一特殊的评价文体开展的研究仍相对较少，因此，在评价理论视角下研究影评中的评价资源仍有较大的研究空间。简言之，影评者在影评中会使用大量的评价资源，尤其是态度资源，而且在评价理论的框架下研究影评中的评价资源具有极其重要的价值。因此，本研究将以26篇《阿甘正传》的影评为语料分析影评中的态度资源。为了保证本研究的客观性和有效性，作者在数据收集和分析的过程中综合运用了定量研究与定性研究的方法。作为本论文语料的26片影评均来自正规的网站，比如：http://www.mrqe.com/。通过使用定量研究方法，作者获得了不同态度资源在影评中分布情况的相关数据。通过使用定性研究方法，作者将对所收集的数据进行分析。在定量研究与定性研究的基础上，本论文将提出一套关于使用和鉴赏影评中态度资源的相对完整的模型。本论文旨在解决这样几个问题：情感、判断和鉴赏三类态度资源在影评中的分布情况是怎么样的？影评人如何利用不同类型的态度资源评价电影中的人物、演职人员、情节与场景等方面内容的？另外，态度资源是如何在影评中实现其人际功能的？本研究的主要目标是建立一套关于如何使用和鉴赏影评中的态度资源的相对系统的模型。为了使本文的研究更加符合逻辑，作者首先在第二章对评价理论的国内外研究进行了回顾，然后又介绍了以评价理论为基础对影评开展的相关研究。第三章主要是为第五章具体分析语料做铺垫，本章介绍了评价理论及其态度、级差和介入三个子系统。由于本研究主要针对影评中的态度资源，作者在本章中着重介绍了其中的态度系统。第四章介绍了本论文的研究过程及所采用的研究方法，并且对本研究的所选用的语料进行了详细介绍。接下来，作者在第五章中从以下几个方面对所选影评中的态度资源进行了分析：整体评价中的态度资源，情节与场景评价中的态度资源，人物评价中的态度资源以及演职人员评价中的态度资源。最后，在第六章中作者总结了本研究的相关成果，并且指出了存在的不足。在对相关语料进行系统研究之后，作者得出以下结论。首先，影评者通常会从电影整体、情节与场景、人物及演员几方面对电影进行评论。其次，在对电影的不同方面进行评价时，影评者对于态度资源的选用也有所不同。整体评价以及对情节和场景的评价中会较多使用情感和鉴赏资源，而在对人物和演职人员的评价中，影评者则会选用较多判断资源。再次，不同的态度资源在影评中的分布情况存在差异。鉴赏资源出现的最多，多被用在整体评价及对情节和场景的评价中；由于情感资源含有较高的主观性，因此情感资源在影评中出现的频率最低，而且主要被用在整体评价中；由于判断资源只能用来评价人物及其行为，判断资源只在对人物和演职人员的评价中出现。最终，作者发现影评中不同类型的态度资源可以实现不同的人际功能。虽然本论文挑选了26篇影评，但语料仍然相对有限，所得数据不可能百分之百准确。但是所得结果还是大体能反映所期待之结果，本文还有尚待改进的地方。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of mass media, the film industry ushered in a new era. At the same time, as a kind of evaluation style is closely related with the film critic, has important research value and has attracted more and more attention. On the one hand, the audience can express themselves on the film and the characters in the film, the film plot and feeling attitude. On the other hand, through reading other reviews, readers can judge whether a movie is worth watching, can also learn how to understand and appreciate the film. In addition, due to the analysis and evaluation of the film's aesthetic value and social significance, this also makes the film for the film director to expand their horizons and improve their work has played a role can not be underestimated. Thus, film plays an important role in the development and prosperity of film art. However, the quality of the film parameters The application of relevant evaluation resources in film reviews is still irregular. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to study how to use various evaluation resources to write good reviews and how to get effective information from others' reviews.
As mentioned above, a critic is to evaluate the resources based on the special evaluation style. Evaluation is one of the basic functions of language, linguists on the linguistic evaluation function to carry out a lot of research and put forward many valuable theories. Among them, proposed by Martin and his colleagues evaluation theory has gained wide acceptance Martin thinks that appraisal theory includes three subsystems, namely, attitude, engagement and graduation, and the attitude system as the core. Since its inception, the appraisal theory has been applied in the study of many styles, these research on the further development of the evaluation theory and great achievements have been gained. However, because of the appraisal theory is a relatively new discipline. So it still has some limitations and problems to be solved, for example, the lack of specific classification criteria and unified terminology. In addition, in the framework of the appraisal theory of this special film There are still relatively few studies on the development of evaluation style. Therefore, there is still a lot of space to study the evaluation resources of the review in the perspective of evaluation theory.
In a nutshell, film critics will use a lot of appraisal resources in the film, especially the attitude resources, but also in the framework of the appraisal theory of appraisal resources in the reviews is extremely important value. Therefore, this study will be the 26 "Agam Gump > critic for data analysis in the reviews of attitudinal resources.
In order to ensure the objectivity and validity of the study, the author in the process of data collection and analysis using the method of quantitative research and qualitative research. This paper reviews as 26 pieces of data are from the regular website, for example: http://www.mrqe.com/. through the use of quantitative research methods, the author obtained the relevant data of different attitudinal resources distribution in the film. By using the method of qualitative research, the author will analyze the collected data. Based on the quantitative research and qualitative research, this paper will put forward a set of evaluation on the use and appreciation of shadow of attitudinal resources in a relatively complete model.
This paper aims to solve such problems: affect, judgment and appreciation of the distribution of three kinds of attitude resources in the film is how? How to use the attitude of critic resource evaluation in different types of movie characters, presenters, plots and scenes etc? In addition, attitude resources is how to realize the interpersonal function in the movie? The main goal of this research is to establish a relative system about how to use and appreciation of critics of attitudinal resources in the model.
In order to make the research more logical, the author in the second chapter of the domestic and foreign research evaluation theory are reviewed, and then introduces the evaluation theory on the basis of relevant research review carried out. The third chapter is to pave the way for the fifth chapter of data analysis, this chapter introduces the evaluation theory and attitude, graduation and in three subsystems. Because this research mainly aims at the film attitude resources, in this chapter the author mainly introduces the attitude system of them. The fourth chapter introduces the research process of this paper and the research method of this study, and the selected corpus are introduced in detail. Then, the author the fifth chapter from the following aspects of the selected film attitude resources are analyzed: the overall evaluation of the attitude resources, plots and scenes in the evaluation of attitude resources, evaluation of the characters Attitude resources and the attitude resources in the evaluation of the staff. Finally, in the sixth chapter, the author summarizes the relevant achievements of this study and points out the shortcomings.
After the systematic study of the relevant data, the author draws the following conclusions. First, critics usually from movies, plot and scene, several characters and actors to comment on the film. Secondly, evaluation in different aspects of the film, the film critic for attitude resources and overall evaluation is also different. Evaluation of the plot and scene will use more emotion and appreciation resources, and in the evaluation of the characters and the cast and crew of film critics will choose more judgment resources. Thirdly, there are different distribution of attitudinal resources in the film differences. Most appreciation resources appear, is used in the overall evaluation and the evaluation of the plot and scene; because of the emotional resources with high subjectivity, therefore appeared in the film the emotional resources to the lowest frequency, and is mainly used in the overall evaluation of the judgement resources; It can only be used to evaluate characters and their behaviors, and to identify resources only in the evaluation of personas and performance personnel. Finally, the author finds that different types of attitudinal resources in film reviews can achieve different interpersonal functions.
Although 26 papers have been selected, the corpus is still relatively limited, and the data can not be one hundred percent accurate. However, the results generally reflect the expected results. There are still some areas for improvement.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J905

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