Witness儿童议题再现机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 19:10

本文选题：半岛电视台　切入点：Witness　出处：《西北师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今社会正处在一个充满风险和未知的时期，一系列天灾人祸使得人们对媒体的依赖度越来越高。与此同时，因为西方媒体在全球具有的主导性话语优势，这使得人们的世界观很容易被这些带有“西方视角”的“霸权媒体”所规训，继而对西方文化产生认同。随着一个“文化全球化”时代的到来，处在“世界边缘”的地区也开始借助符码表征展开了对文化领导权的争夺。例如卡塔尔半岛电视台通过抓住历史机遇，从而异军突起，一举成为世界三大电视台之一，并宣称为“失语者提供声音”。虽然半岛电视台自诩为“公正和客观”，但事实上，任何媒体都是某种文化的建构物，其背后都隐藏着某种意识形态。近年来，学界开始普遍关注半岛电视台并不是仅仅因为它的“公正和客观”，而是在探寻该台背后的某种特定的“观看世界的角度”。这样的探寻以期为世界多元化做出贡献，而这势必也有利于公民社会的形成和“有机知识分子”的培养。鉴于本世纪被誉为“一个适合儿童的世纪”，而半岛电视台正好有一档收视率很高的纪录片栏目——Witness（见证），该栏目作为一个平台播出了从世界各地的独立电影人中征集的纪录片，这些影片涵盖了奋斗和冲突等要素。值得一提的是在改版后的三年里共播出了180部影片，其中134集中有的以儿童为主角，有的虽以成人为主角，但是涉及他或她的童年，除此之外的其余影片中儿童永远处于一种在场的状态。那么能否通过研究该节目中对儿童，这一最易被忽略的议题的媒介再现，探寻出关于该节目中的儿童议题再现机制，从而与其他大多数以新闻或女性为主体的研究形成区别，以揭示半岛电视台是从何种角度“观看”世界的呢？本研究运用修辞学、媒介框架等理论对2010-2012年Witness中的纪录片进行内容分析并辅以影像分析，发现半岛电视台Witness这一节目经由限制性视角的立场建构、涵盖主题的个人与社会的二元冲突建构、叙事结构的戏剧化和模式化建构、所持态度的悲观基调建构、发生地域的认同空间建构、内容来源的精英视角建构这六方面建构了一整套关于儿童议题的影片框架，在这一框架中，儿童作为一种修辞资源被表征为“可怜”和“无助”，以及一群权利遭到侵犯的群体，继而该节目制造出观众对儿童的同情，由此形成一个无限循环的螺旋机制。即通过节目中的儿童来制造苦难——人们因为儿童遭遇的风险和未知而被制造出同情——收视率提高，然后继续制造苦难……如此周而复始，于是半岛电视台越加壮大。由于近年来卡塔尔在地区外交方面表现突出，辅以半岛电视台对卡塔尔政府的“真空报道”，，卡塔尔的政治的地区力量得以加强。 Witness虽然自诩为客观公正，为世界提供了一个不同于西方的“替代性公共领域”。但同时，也巧妙地借助孩子这一修辞资源，来实现卡塔尔的政治目的。而这些孩子作为“他者”，依旧是“失语者”，也依旧活在“一个适合成人的世界”里。
[Abstract]:In today's society is in a risky and unknown period, a series of natural calamities and man-made misfortunes makes people to the media is increasingly dependent. At the same time, because the dominant discourse in the world has the advantage of Western media, which makes people's world view is easy with these "Western perspective" and "media hegemony" of the discipline then, identification of the western culture.
As a "cultural globalization" era, at the edge of the world area began with the code on the characterization of the cultural hegemony. Such as Al Jazeera through to seize the historic opportunity has become the world's three largest A new force suddenly rises., TV one, and declared that "aphasia provides voice" although al Jazeera claimed as "fair and objective", but in fact, any media are the construction of certain culture, which are hidden behind some ideology. In recent years, scholars began to concern the Al Jazeera and not just because it's "fair and objective", but in the search Taiwan behind certain "watching the world view". So in order to explore the contribution of diversification of the world, and this is also conducive to the formation of civil society and "organic intellectuals" culture Raise.
In view of this century is known as "a century for children", and Al Jazeera has a very high ratings documentary program -- Witness (witness), the program as a broadcast platform for independent filmmakers from around the world in the documentary, the film covers the struggle and conflict and other factors. It is worth mentioning that in the revision of three years after the broadcast a total of 180 films, 134 of which focus on some children as the protagonist, although some with adults as the protagonist, but to his or her childhood, in addition to the rest of the film and the other children in the distance to a permanent presence. Then through the study of the state can the program for children, the most easily neglected issues of media representation, to explore issues relating to children in the program, so as to form a reproduction mechanism, different from most other news or women as the main body of the study, in order to reveal From what angle is al Jazeera "watching" the world?
This research uses the framework of the theory of rhetoric, media content analysis and supplemented by image analysis of 2010-2012 years in the Witness documentary, construction of Al Jazeera Witness this program through the perspective of position limits, covering two yuan the theme of the conflict between the individual and the social construction, construction of drama and mode of narrative structure, construction pessimistic tone of attitude, identity of regional space construction, the view of elite content source construction of the six aspects to establish a set of issues about children's film framework, in this framework, children as a kind of rhetorical resources is characterized as "poor" and "helpless", and a group of rights violations group then, the program made the audience of children's sympathy, thus forming an infinite loop helix mechanism. Through the program for children to create misery -- that people. Risk and unknown encounter children be produced sympathy ratings improve, and then continue to create misery. So the cycle, and Al Jazeera increasingly stronger. In recent years, Qatar in regional diplomacy outstanding, with Al Jazeera to the government of Qatar "vacuum reports" political power in the region of Qatar is strengthened.
Although Witness claims to be objective and impartial, provides a different from the western "alternative public domain" to the world. But at the same time, also cleverly using the rhetorical resources to achieve the child, Qatar's political purpose. These children as "the other", is still the "Aphasia", still live in "a suitable adult world.

【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G229.1;J905

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