中美大屠杀题材电影的叙事比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 20:28

本文选题：南京大屠杀电影　切入点：犹太大屠杀电影　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：第二次大战期间,世界上发生了两次人类浩劫——亚洲日军在中国南京制造的南京大屠杀和欧洲德国纳粹对犹太民族进行的大屠杀。这为战后的电影世界提供了丰富的创作主题。战后,西方人便利用电影这种可以更好的逼真的再现民族记忆的手段开始了对犹太大屠杀题材的电影创作,生产出了如《夜与雾》、《浩劫》、《苏菲的选择》、《辛德勒的名单》、《美丽人生》、《钢琴师》、《生死朗读》等这些经典之作。美国对犹太大屠杀电影的生产主要是在二十世纪七十年代以后,到目前为止,有近200部表现纳粹屠犹的影片。影片不仅从人的生存、人性的扭曲、人性的救赎等方面表达了对德国纳粹主义的批判和揭露,还带有浓厚的反思色彩以及对人的终极关怀的人道主义立场。反观中国南京大屠杀故事影片,从1987年才开始进行创作。20世纪90年以来,随着国家对南京大屠杀话语权的放开,以及国际社会对南京大屠杀历史事件的认知,南京大屠杀题材影像也不断出现在屏幕上。国内出现了不少对这一题材影像的理论研究,而且很多学者也开始了关于犹太大屠杀的影像研究。至今中国拍摄了约10部表现南京大屠杀的故事影片。通过对比可以看到中国电影的创作者们在南京大屠杀题材电影的艺术手法、主题内容、叙事角度等方面有了巨大进步,但是我们也看到在这种对西方电影学习模仿痕迹下的差距,如影片的主题相对单一,大多是现实主义风格的电影,偏重于历史讲述等,这些都难以和犹太大屠杀影像的发达程度相提并论。本文通过中国生产的南京大屠杀故事电影和美国创作的犹太大屠杀故事电影的叙事进行比较分析,从电影的主题叙述、人物塑造、情节设置、叙事时空及视听造型等方面去叙述论证,对南京大屠杀题材电影所存在的众多不足进行思考,并提出了自己的观点,希望对今后的南京大屠杀电影的研究提供参考。第一章的主要内容是:一是对中国南京大屠杀事件和南京大屠杀题材的电影生产的概述,二是对犹太大屠杀事件和美国对犹太大屠杀题材电影的生产历史做了概述,三是对造成中美大屠杀题材电影生产的差距进行了三方面的原因分析。第二章到第五章,论文主要对大屠杀题材电影的叙事做了对比研究,分别从叙事的主题、人物塑造、情节设置、影像的时空和声画结合这几个方面进行论文的案例分析和论述总结。主题是所有影片都需要表达的东西,影片主题直接决定着影片的影像表达方式,大屠杀题材电影的主题内容主要表现在对侵略者所犯下罪行的控诉、对人性的表达以及对战争的反思;人物和情节是故事影片的中心,人物形象的塑造是否成功直接影响着影片主题的深刻与否,影片中人物的塑造主要通过人物动作、语言以及心理方面的具体、形象展示出来的,本文通过对大屠杀题材电影的梳理,将影片中的人物形象的塑造进行对比分析;影片的故事性经常决定了影片是否具有将观众吸引住的效果,而故事的精彩性的关键在于情节的好坏,如果影片中的矛盾冲突张弛有度、故事的悬念跌宕起伏、细节细腻精致,那么影片的情节一般都会比较好;电影的基本构成元素就是画面、声音、时间和空间,这四个元素的相互影响,并最终决定着电影的叙事结构和主题,也是考验一个电影创作者专业素质是否过硬的标准。第三章叙述了中美大屠杀题材电影的叙事比较研究所产生的启示。主要从三方面做了总结:一是电影叙事的主题方面,南京大屠杀电影的主题需要深层次的挖掘、类型多样化的开拓;二是对国内电影创作者的文化素养和专业素质提出了自己的看法;三是从创作观念的更新以及对数字技术的应用方面进行了总结。结语部分主要是对本论文的论述进行了总结归纳,试图找到中美两国对大屠杀题材电影差距的原因。
[Abstract]:During the Second World War, the world happened two times in the Japanese China human catastrophe - Asia made in Nanjing Nanjing massacre and the European Jewish Nazi Germany to the Holocaust. This provides rich creative theme for postwar movie world. After the war, Westerners can better use the film realistic reproduction of national memory means start on the Jewish Holocaust themed movie creation, produced such as "night and fog >, < > > < choose catastrophe, Sophie," Schindler's list > >, < < beauty, piano >, < reader > these classic. The United States Holocaust film production on the main after 1970s, so far, there are nearly 200 manifestations of Holocaust film. The film not only from human existence, the distortion of human nature, the salvation of humanity and expressed the criticism of Nazi doctrine And revealed, also with a strong color and reflection of people's ultimate concern of the humanitarian standpoint. In contrast China Nanjing massacre story since 1987 began the creation of the.20 century 90 years, with the opening of the Nanjing massacre discourse right of the state, and the international community on the cognition of the historical event of Nanjing Massacre, the theme of the Nanjing massacre the image also appears on the screen. There have been many on this theme image theory research, and many scholars have begun to study image about the Holocaust. Since Chinese took about 10 of the Nanjing massacre film. By contrast can be seen in the Nanjing massacre film art, China movie creator the theme, narrative point of view has made tremendous progress, but we also see in this study of imitation of western movies The gap as the theme of the movie is relatively simple, mostly realistic style of the film, the emphasis on history, the developed degree of difficult and Holocaust images. This paper China production in the Nanjing massacre film and story of the creation of the United States Holocaust Story movie narrative comparative analysis, narrative, from the movie the theme of the characters, plot, narrative and narrative time to demonstrate the audio-visual and other aspects of thinking about the Nanjing massacre, many defects of films, and put forward its own views, hope to provide reference for future research on the Nanjing massacre film. The main contents of the first chapter is: the first is to film production overview of Chinese Nanjing massacre and the Nanjing massacre, two of the Jewish Holocaust and the United States on Holocaust movies students The production history is summarized, the three is the massacre caused the Sino US film production gap were analyzed three reasons. The second chapter to the fifth chapter, the main narrative of the Holocaust movies do comparative research, respectively from the narrative theme, characterization, plot setting, case analysis and summary and image space the painting combined with several aspects of this thesis. The theme is all movies need to express something, the theme of the film directly determines the images of expression, theme films mainly in the Holocaust crimes indictment of the invaders, the expression of human nature and the reflection on the war; the characters and the plot is the story central to the film, the characters of success directly affects the theme of the movie deep or not, shaping the characters in the film mainly through the action figures, and language The psychological aspect of the specific display image, based on the Holocaust movie review, will shape the film's characters were analyzed; the story of the film often determines whether the film has attracted the audience effect, and the key lies in the wonderful story plot is good or bad, if the conflict of relaxation the film has, the suspense of the story of ups and downs, exquisite details, so the plot of the film are generally good; the basic elements of a film is the picture, sound, time and space, the mutual influence of the four elements, and finally determines the narrative structure and the theme of the film, but also a test the creators of film is excellent professional quality standards. The third chapter describes the comparative study of Chinese and American Holocaust themed movie's narrative produced by the enlightenment. Mainly from three aspects: one is summarized the movie The movie narrative theme, the theme of the Nanjing massacre to deep mining, diversified development; two is their views on the domestic film creators of culture quality and professional quality is put forward; three from creation to update the concept and application of digital technology are summarized. The conclusion is summarized to sum up this paper, tries to find out the causes of Sino US Holocaust movies gap.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：J905

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