当代华语电影中的美国形象

发布时间：2018-05-28 11:18

本文选题：华语电影 + 美国梦　；参考：《山西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为当今世界的两个大国，中国和美国一直是互为镜像的，进入20世纪90年代以后更是如此。在美国好莱坞电影中，中国常常以落后、专制、猥琐的形象出现，从而沦为美国确证自我强大和民主的“他者”。同样，在华语电影中，美国也一直是一面镜子，如何呈现和讲述美国，反映出的其实是我们的自我认知和定位。但遗憾的是，当前国内学界对美国电影中的中国形象的研究非常多，相反角度的研究，即对华语电影中的美国形象的研究却并不多见，这不能不说是一个很大的缺憾。从20世纪90年代到今天，从《北京人在纽约》到《北京遇上西雅图》，华语影视作品中的美国形象经历了几次重要的变化，通过具体的影片分析，将这种变化梳理出来将是一项十分有意义的工作。我们发现，在表现刚刚进入美国社会的华人生活时，华语电影各有不同的侧重：有的侧重于表现融入的艰难——为了在美国社会站稳脚跟，主人公需要付出沉重的代价。在这些电影中，美国社会是一个陌生而异质的存在，只要中国人慢慢掌握了它的游戏规则，同样可以获得成功，尽管这可能要付出不菲的代价。而另一些则侧重于表现中国和美国之间的冲突，这种冲突在很多时候都是通过身体对抗的形式展现出来的，如成龙和李连杰的电影。在这些电影中，美国人的形象是傲慢而笨拙的，中国人总是能够凭借自己的正直和智慧将他们打倒在地，同时也将他们的偏见击得粉碎。此外，还有一类电影是以爱情为主题的，它们探究的是，当中国人来到陌生的美国社会后，他们的爱情是否还能经受住考验？在这里，我们看到海外导演和大陆导演给出了不同的答案。随着时间的流逝，一些华人移民通过艰难的打拼，逐渐在美国站稳了脚跟，跻身于美国社会的中产阶级，实现了自己的“美国梦”。但此时，他们依然没有能够彻底融入美国社会，造成这种困境的主要原因变成了深层的文化差异。于是，很多电影开始了更加深入的思考。父亲角色成了中国传统文化的象征，在父亲到来之前，他们的过去仿佛已经沉沉睡去，几乎没有干扰他们平静的生活。而父亲的到来，使这一切都发生了改变，他们身上沉睡的过往苏醒了。于是，一方面是已经完全西化的自己，另一方面是对于自己传统文化的记忆和遵从，他们的自我彻底分裂了。这种自我内部的矛盾与不同家庭成员之间的冲突是同时并存的，它们共同打破了美国中产华人平静的生活，使夹在中间的主人公左右为难，焦头烂额，很多人甚至开始怀疑起自己当初的“美国梦”来。随着中国经济实力的增强和国际地位的提高，中国和美国之间的力量对比发生了很大的改变，这种改变在电影中也有所显影。在《中国合伙人》中，美国就像一个没落的贵族，虽然表面上依然十分强大和傲慢，但其实已经失去了往日的实力，不得不在中国咄咄逼人的进攻之下节节败退。而在《北京遇上西雅图》中，中国则被呈现为一个遍地黄金的权贵世界，与之相反，美国社会却是宁静而恬淡的，是中产阶级生活的乐土。如果说在90年代，很多人去美国是为了寻找机会以实现自己出人头地的梦想，为此，他们不得不放弃安逸的生活；那么新世纪以来，很多人出国的目的则完全发生了逆转，《北京遇上西雅图》想要表达的是，这种安逸的中产阶级生活在中国已变得不再可能，它只有在美国才能实现。由此，在华语电影中，美国形象变得复杂多面起来。美国形象之所以变得如此多样、众说纷纭，，是由当前中国意识形态力量、商业力量等共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:As the two big country in the world today, China and the United States have always been mirrored, and even more so after 1990s. In the Hollywood films of the United States, China often appears as a backwardness, autocratic and indecent image, thus becoming the "other" of the United States to confirm its strong and democratic self. A mirror, how to present and tell the United States, reflects our self cognition and localization. But unfortunately, there is a lot of research on the Chinese image in American films at present. The research on the opposite angle, that is, the study of the American image in the Chinese film is not much, which is a big lack. From 1990s to today, from the "Beijing people" in New York to the "Seattle" in Beijing, the American image of the Chinese film and television has undergone several important changes. It will be a very meaningful work to sort out the changes through specific film analysis.
We have found that Chinese films have different emphasis on the performance of Chinese films that have just entered the American society. Some focus on the difficulty of being integrated into the American society. In order to gain a steady foothold in American society, the protagonist needs to pay a heavy price. In these films, American society is a strange and heterogeneous existence, as long as the Chinese are slow. The slow mastery of its game rules can also be successful, although it may cost a lot, while others focus on the conflict between China and the United States, which are often displayed in the form of physical confrontation, such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li's films. Like arrogant and clumsy, the Chinese can always be able to knock them down with their integrity and wisdom and smash their prejudices. In addition, a kind of film is on the theme of love, and they explore whether their love can stand the test when the Chinese come to a strange American society. Inside, we saw different answers from overseas directors and mainland directors.
With the passing of time, some Chinese immigrants, through hard work, gradually became stable in the United States and became the middle class of American society and realized their "American Dream". At this time, they were still unable to be completely integrated into American society, and the main cause of this dilemma became deep cultural differences. Many films began to think more deeply. Father's role became a symbol of Chinese traditional culture. Before his father arrived, their past seemed to have fallen asleep, almost without disturbing their peaceful life. Through the complete westernization of oneself, on the other hand, the memory and compliance of their traditional culture, their self is completely split. This self internal contradiction coexists with the clashes between different family members, which together break the peaceful life of the Middle American Chinese, and make the middle protagonist left and right. A lot of people even start to doubt their original "American Dream".
With the enhancement of China's economic strength and the improvement of its international status, the contrast between China and the United States has changed greatly. This change has also been shown in the film. In the Chinese partner, the United States, like a falling aristocrat, is still very strong and arrogant on the surface, but it has lost its past strength. In the case of China's aggressive attack, in the case of Beijing and Seattle, China is presented as a powerful world of gold. On the contrary, American society is tranquil and tranquil and is a paradise for middle class life. In 90s, many people went to the United States to find opportunities to achieve it. In the new century, the goal of many people to go abroad has been completely reversed. "Beijing is in Seattle > to express that this comfortable middle class has become no longer possible in China, and it is only in the United States. In the film, the image of the United States has become complex and multifaceted. The image of the United States has become so diverse and diverse that it is the result of the common role of the current Chinese ideological and commercial forces.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J909.2

【参考文献】