1974年至1989年的美国体育类型片研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 19:03

本文选题：1974年 + 1989　；参考：《中国电影艺术研究中心》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：体育类型片指以表现竞技对抗1为内容或展现运动员个人生涯的电影,在美国类型片体系中占有极其重要的地位。该类型从1925年的《大学新生》(The Freshman,1925)开始逐渐确立了一套属于自己的故事和人物体系,成为了美国第一个以歌颂城市英雄为核心主题的类型。40年代,之后以《拳击冠军》(Champion,1949)为代表产生了与之对立的黑色体育片,这类影片借用黑色电影的形式,对城市英雄神话,尤其是城市英雄这一人物形象进行质疑。之后体育类型片在60年代末逐渐衰落,内容与形式都没有太大的发展。在新好莱坞电影已经登堂入室的1974年,划时代的体育类型片《最长的一码》(The Longest Yard,1974)横空出世,该片以丰富的社会议题和创新的形式为体育类型片注入了活力,使体育类型片进入了现代时期。之后1976年的《洛奇》(Rocky,1976)一片则使体育片取代了西部片成为最能代表美国精神的类型。到1979年为止,还产生了《火爆群龙》(Slap Shot,1977)、《达拉斯猛龙》(North Dallas Forty,1979)、《突破》(Breaking Away,1979)等一批颇具影响的体育电影,全面突破了体育电影原有的形式,形成了新的现代范式,为当代的体育电影奠定了基础。而进入80年代之后,体育电影又有了全新的发展,在经典范式的基础上人物和故事主题开始呈现多样化的特点,黑色体育片也以全新的形式再次出现。《疯狂高尔夫》(Caddyshack,1980)、《愤怒的公牛》(Raging Bull,1980)、《火爆教头草地兵》(Hoosiers,1986)、《百万金臂》(Bull Durham,1988)和《梦幻之地》(Field of Dreams,1989)是这一时期最具代表性的五部体育电影,他们在不同的方向上发展了经典范式,形成了各自不同的趣味,对当今的体育电影创作有很大的启示作用。 1974年-1989年是美国体育类型片经历了最大变革和至今最大成功的年代,堪称美国体育类型片的黄金时代。在1989年之后,体育电影形成了比较固定的形式和主题,虽然在题材上越发广泛,但是真正具有创新意义的作品十分鲜见,直到2011年《点球成金》(Moneyball,2011)一片的出现,体育电影又一次迎来了重大突破。在当前中国电影类型化刚刚起步的背景下,体育电影因为其较低的制作成本和比较稳定的观众群体具备着不错的市场潜力,如果能够成功借用一些美国在这方面比较先进的经验毫无疑问对中国电影类型化题材空间的扩展意义重大。
[Abstract]:Sports movies refer to films that show the performance of competitive confrontation 1 or show the individual career of an athlete. It plays an extremely important role in the American genre film system, which began to establish its own story and character system from 1925 to 1925. It became the first type in the United States to sing praise to city heroes as its core theme in the 1940s, and later, represented by the boxing champion Champion 1949, produced the opposite black sports films, which borrowed the form of black films to deal with the myth of city heroes. Especially the city hero this character image carries on the question. Then the sports genre declined in the late 1960s, and neither the content nor the form developed much. In 1974, when new Hollywood movies had entered their homes, the epoch-making sports genre film "the longest Yardi" came out of the world. With rich social issues and innovative forms, the film infuses vitality into sports films and makes sports films enter the modern era. Then, in 1976, Rocky made sports films the most representative of the American spirit. Up to 1979, some influential sports films, such as "Slap Shot", "Dallas Raptors", "North Dallas Fortyn", "Breaking Away" (1979), and so on, have completely broken through the original form of sports films and formed a new modern paradigm. It has laid the foundation for the contemporary sports film. After entering the 1980s, the sports film has had a new development, and on the basis of the classical paradigm, the characters and story themes begin to show the characteristics of diversification. Black sports films are also reappearing in a completely new way. "Crazy Golf" Caddyshack/ 1980, Raging Bulls1980, Hoosiers 1986, Bull Durhami 1988 and Field of Dreams1989) are the five most representative sports films of this period. They developed their classical paradigms in different directions and formed their own different tastes, which have great enlightenments for today's sports film creation. 1974-1989 was the era when American sports films experienced the greatest change and have been the most successful ever since. It is called the golden age of American sports films. After 1989, sports films formed a relatively fixed form and theme. Although the subject matter has become more and more extensive, the truly innovative works are very rare. Until 2011, when Moneyball 2011 (2011), sports films once again ushered in a major breakthrough. In the context of the current Chinese film typology, Sports movies have good market potential because of their low production costs and relatively stable audience. If we can successfully borrow some more advanced American experience in this field, there is no doubt that the expansion of Chinese film genre space is of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：中国电影艺术研究中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J909.712

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