草根文化视野下的微电影研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 16:21

【摘要】：微电影从2010年至今2年左右的时间,已然成为当前最为火爆的新媒体影像形式。它从一种草根式的影视作品,以黑马之势杀出,发展成如今大众和商家的新宠；它兴起于草根,来源于单反数码相机、DV、小型摄像机、手机等数码产品,发展于网络上各种内容和形式质量都显得参差不齐的“小短片”；它从个人自拍的随性表达,渐渐登堂入室,上升到电影的层次。目前,年产数万部的微电影涵盖各个内容领域,其发展速度以及所带来的影响力让人吃惊。笔者在网络上搜索“微电影”一词,关于微电影的最新排行榜、创作大赛、剧本征集、交流平台等消息比比皆是,在门户网站、视频网站,贴吧里,论坛上,微电影也占据着越来越重要的位置,比如说,百度贴吧里众多爱好微电影的网友,为了促进相互间的交流讨论自发组成了“微电影吧”,彼此间昵称“草根”。为了促进微电影的发展,建贴吧、讨论组、qq群、yy频道等等,他们能找到的交流方式和平台五花八门。这一切关于微电影发展的火热态势引起了学术界和业界的关注,自然,微电影也就成为了一个新的学术研究焦点,也就是本文研究的对象。微电影是非专业人士“圆导演梦”的首选方式,其最突出的特征就是“微”字,它微时放映、微制作、微平台播出,不像传统电影那样需要费尽心力充实丰满至少120分钟及以上的时段,它最长只需要50分钟不到；不像传统电影那样需要耗费千万乃至数亿的投资,它的成本数千、数万、数百万全凭个人能力及意愿；不像传统电影要通过冯小刚口中的只有傻子才能坚持下来的审查制度,以及马不停蹄的联系全国院线赶场做效应,它的放映只需要一个网络ID和注册账号就能将微电影搬上视频播放平台上与网友见面,而且,微电影的主题无谓史诗赞歌,也没有盖世英雄,它努力拯救被主流叙事所放逐、被宏大历史所遗忘的小人物、小命运、小细节。所以说,微电影的产生过程以及内容选择倾向十分适合平民百姓,草根色彩十足。按照传播学上的“共同经验论”,接近和反映大众生活的节目,真正走到草根阶层内心世界的影像是最容易被理解、接受和认同的,所以微电影伴随着草根文化的表征能如此火得发紫。然而,就目前学术界对于微电影还没有形成全面的多学科的分析系统,特别是将草根文化与微电影联系起来,在草根文化的视野下分析微电影,学界和业界更是没有这一相关角度的研究。所以笔者决定选取这一角度,用草根文化视角,试图窥测出草根文化在当下微电影中的开发利用,微电影行业如今的发展现状,分析出所存在的不足和局限之处,而后小论微电影的未来突围之道,以期对微电影进行相对完整全面的研究,希望能弥补现阶段研究的不足,为后面的研究铺路搭桥。本文首先对微电影和草根文化做一个理论上的阐述,为微电影之所以能在草根文化的视野下阐述寻找一个切入点；其次,通过对草根文化的剖析,其所蕴含的娱乐性、戏谑性以及贴近生活、贴近实际、贴近群众等特点,旨在讲出草根文化对于微电影的价值之所在,它让“人人都可以成为导演”不再是一句空洞的呐喊；再次从传播学视角以及符号审美角度审视草根文化之于微电影的价值意义,揭示从草根文化视角研究微电影不止在实践上有迹可循,从理论上看亦是有其根据点；再次,分析当今微电影市场、微电影行业中的现状究竟是呈现何种样貌,详细研究其中所显现出来的特征,从而能从中找出阻碍微电影发展壮大的局限和不足来；最后,再根据所剖析出的弊端探讨微电影未来的突围之道,不仅要把好微电影传播内容这一关,更是要对微电影传播形式方面多加注意,与此同时,还要提防商业体系对微电影文化的“操控"以及精英文化对微电影草根文化的“收编”。
[Abstract]:Micro-film has become the most popular form of new media image since 2010 to about 2012. It has developed from a grass-roots film and television works to a new favorite of the public and business. It springs up in the grass-roots, from digital SLR cameras, DV, small cameras, mobile phones and other digital products, developed in The quality of various content and formats on the Internet is uneven; it has gradually risen from the casual expression of self-portraits to the level of movies. The word "micro-film" is used to describe the latest micro-film charts, creative contests, screenplay collections, and communication platforms. In portals, video websites, post bars and forums, micro-movies are also playing an increasingly important role. For example, many micro-film lovers in Baidu Post Bar, in order to promote mutual communication and discussion. In order to promote the development of micro-films, posting bar, discussion group, QQ group, YY channel and so on, they can find a variety of communication methods and platforms. All these hot trends about the development of micro-films have attracted the attention of academia and industry, naturally, micro-films have become. A new academic research focus, that is, the object of this study.
Microfilm is the preferred way for non-professionals to fulfill their "director's dream". Its most prominent feature is the word "microfilm". It is microprojection, microproduction, microplatform broadcasting, unlike traditional movies, which require at least 120 minutes or more of effort to enrich the period, it only takes less than 50 minutes; unlike traditional movies, which need to consume less than 50 minutes. It costs tens of millions, tens of thousands and millions of dollars to invest, and it costs thousands, tens of thousands, and millions of dollars, depending on one's ability and willingness; unlike the censorship system that Feng Xiaogang says only fools can stick to, and the rush to connect national campuses, its screening requires only a network ID and a registered account. The theme of micro-movies is neither epic hymn nor hero of the world. It tries hard to save the little people, small fate and small details who are banished by the mainstream narrative and forgotten by the grand history. According to the communicative theory of "common experience", the images of the inner world of the grassroots are the easiest to understand, accept and identify with. Therefore, micro-movies can be so hot with the representation of grassroots culture. However, the academic circles are still very interested in micro-movies at present. There is no comprehensive multi-disciplinary analysis system, especially the connection between grassroots culture and micro-film. There is no research from this angle in the field of view of grassroots culture. So the author decided to choose this angle and use the perspective of grassroots culture to try to find out the grassroots culture in the current micro-film. In the development and utilization of micro-film industry, the present situation of development, analysis of the existing shortcomings and limitations, and then a brief discussion of the future breakthrough of micro-film, with a view to a relatively complete and comprehensive study of micro-film, hoping to make up for the lack of research at this stage, pave the way for future research.
Firstly, this paper makes a theoretical exposition of micro-film and grassroots culture, in order to find a breakthrough point for the micro-film in the perspective of grassroots culture; secondly, through the analysis of grassroots culture, its entertainment, playfulness and close to life, close to reality, close to the masses and other characteristics, aimed at explaining the grass-roots culture. For the value of micro-film, it makes "everyone can be a director" is no longer a hollow cry; again from the perspective of communication and symbolic aesthetics to examine the value of grass-roots culture in micro-film, revealing that the study of micro-film from the perspective of grass-roots culture is not only in practice but also in theory. Thirdly, it analyzes the present situation of the micro-film market and the characteristics of the micro-film industry so as to find out the limitations and shortcomings that hinder the development of the micro-film industry. Finally, it discusses the breakthrough of the micro-film industry in the future according to the disadvantages analyzed. We should not only pay more attention to the content of micro-film communication, but also pay more attention to the form of micro-film communication. At the same time, we should guard against the "manipulation" of micro-film culture by the commercial system and the "incorporation" of the elite culture into the grass-roots culture of micro-film.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J905

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