从“太阳族”到“无赖派”—日本战后电影菊与刀格局

发布时间：2018-12-26 12:25

【摘要】：论文缘起电影学家齐格弗里德·克拉考尔在《从卡里加利到希特勒》一书中的一句话：“一旦发生剧烈的政治变革，某些集体习性便会集攒动量。政治体制的瓦解导致心理系统的崩溃，在随之而来的骚乱中，传统的内部心态获得松绑，无论是遭遇反对或是得到认可，它们必定会引人注目。” 这句话揭示了一种文化现象，即在一次重大的政治和社会变革之后，由于这种变革所带来的新兴文化思潮，对固有的传统文化进行了深刻的反思与强烈的批判，并企图颠覆现有的文化结构，从而构建一套全新的文化体系。正是在这种新旧思想激烈的碰撞和文化体系此消彼长的演替过程中，各种文化形态和文艺作品也井喷一般的繁荣起来。文章通过对日本二战后电影发展的研究，揭示出日本战后的文化发展的趋势，也就是两种截然相反的新兴文化并驾齐驱的现象，即“太阳族”和“无赖派”。将这两种新兴文化思潮的内涵比较来看，其分别代表了构成日本传统文化内核的两个方面，也就是美国学者鲁思·本尼迪克特在上个世纪40年代提出的“刀”与“菊”，也就是“武士道精神”和“天皇制思想”。所谓“太阳族”，源于日本战后年轻的作家石原慎太郎的一部小说《太阳的季节》，小说内容充斥着暴力和色情，与之前日本的传统文化截然不同。小说风靡一时，并被改编成电影，彻底改变了日本战后电影的发展方向。作品中昂扬向上的尚武精神正是是“武士道精神”的代表。所谓“无赖派”，出自作家坂口安吾在杂志上发表的一篇论文《堕落论》。他认为，人应该在正确的道路上堕落到底，然后向社会妥协，堕落的生存下去。这种思想在当时一度引起热议，影响了后来日本一大批的电影导演，一度成为了20世纪70年代时日本情色电影的主流思想内涵。作品中内敛、隐忍的精神则是“天皇制思想”的写照。文章以二战后的日本电影的发展作为切入点，通过对“太阳族电影”与“无赖派电影”的兴起和衰落的研究，，继而分析这两类电影在日本战后兴起和衰落的文化原因和社会原因，进一步论述了这两类电影在日本战后文化发展和社会进程中所起到的作用，并从中总结出战后文化繁荣的两大发展方向——进与退。
[Abstract]:The paper stems from a quote by film-maker Siegfried Krakall in "from Calgary to Hitler": "in the event of drastic political change, certain collective habits accumulate momentum." The breakdown of the political system leads to the collapse of the psychological system, and in the ensuing riots, the traditional internal mentality is loosened, whether it is opposed or recognized, they will certainly attract attention. " This sentence reveals a cultural phenomenon, that is, after a major political and social change, the new cultural trends brought about by this change have made a profound reflection on and a strong critique of the inherent traditional culture. And attempts to subvert the existing cultural structure, thus building a new cultural system. It is in the fierce collision of new and old ideas and the succession of cultural systems that all kinds of cultural forms and literary works have flourished. By studying the development of Japanese films after World War II, this paper reveals the trend of Japanese postwar cultural development, that is, the phenomenon of "Sun clan" and "rogue faction". Comparing the connotations of these two new cultural trends, they represent the two aspects that form the core of Japanese traditional culture, that is, "Dao" and "chrysanthemum" put forward by Lu Si Benedict, an American scholar, in the 1940s. That is, the spirit of Bushido and the thought of emperor system. The so-called "Sun clan" originated from a novel, the season of the Sun, by Shintaro Ishihara, a young postwar writer. The novel is full of violence and pornography, which is completely different from the traditional Japanese culture. The novel became a hit and was adapted into a film, which completely changed the development direction of Japanese postwar film. The high-spirited martial spirit in his works is the representative of Bushido Spirit. The so-called "rogue", from the writer Sakakuchi Anwu in a paper published in a magazine, the depravity. He believes that people should fall to the end on the right path, then compromise to society and survive in depravity. At that time, this thought caused a heated debate, influenced a large number of Japanese film directors, and became the main ideological connotation of Japanese erotic films in the 1970s. The spirit of restraint and forbearance in the works is the portrayal of the thought of Emperor system. Based on the development of Japanese films after World War II, this paper studies the rise and decline of "Sun nationality movies" and "rogue films". Then it analyzes the cultural and social causes of the rise and decline of the two kinds of films in Japan after the war, and further discusses the role of these two kinds of films in the cultural development and social process of Japan after the war. And summed up the post-war cultural prosperity of the two major development direction-advance and retreat.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J905;G131.3

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