浅议美日韩动漫产业对中国动漫产业发展的启示

发布时间：2018-04-09 12:51

本文选题：动漫　切入点：动漫产业　出处：《河北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：动漫产业现在已成为世界公认的新兴产业。在我国,这项产业虽然有着政府的大力支持和经济科技力量的支撑,但因为起步较晚,仍在发展过程中存在着诸多不利因素。相比之下,发达的美日韩动漫产业背后,则有着值得我们驻足品读的曲折产业历史,以及值得我们思考借鉴的成熟产业机制。虽然对于一个规模庞大的产业来讲,取得快速发展并非朝夕之事,但分析研究其产业链构成和产业机制特征,明确优势所在,探讨不足之处,对于促进我国的动漫产业发展将会具有非常积极的意义——这是本文的写作目的。在上述目的的引导下,以时间为线索纵观美日韩动漫发展史,并用横向对比法对分析归纳了各自的动漫产业特征,解读产业发展与科技文化的时代关联。其后聚焦我国动漫产业现状,展开对于我国动漫业如何借鉴他国优秀经验的探讨。首先分析的是以迪斯尼为业界主体的美国动漫历史与产业。早期以动画电影和动画品牌形象为开拓点,开创出以形象授权为核心的商业特许经营模式,由此又拓展出世界主题公园等颇具创意的商业运作形式。经过二战时期动漫业整体低迷和二战后迪斯尼转型,美国动漫业从八十年代末开始又树立起以高科技为创作核心,结合好莱乌各大制片公司商业运营的快速发展模式,并依托此模式占据了世界百分之九十的动画电影市场。其次分析了日本的动漫发展史与产业形成。日本动漫的发展是在二战之后,逐渐形成了以漫画为内容源泉,以电视动画和相关游戏开发为扩展,以电影动画为最高形式的ACG发展模式。虽然电影动画的制作水准不敌美国,但在漫画、电视动画方面日本形成了自己得天独厚的优势,并使之成为日本文化走向世界的重要途径。在游戏开发方面日本也占尽先机,成为其动漫产业中一个重要的环节。再次分析了韩国动漫的发展历程。韩国动漫历史较短,基础相对薄弱。针对自身的状况,韩国在学习美、日两国优秀动漫经验的同时,另辟捷径,由政府领衔制定产业战略,即全力发展以网络游戏为主体的数字娱乐产业。韩国由此成功开拓出一条独具特色的动漫产业发展道路,成为世界动漫业的后起之秀。最后分析了我国动漫发展史和产业发展状况。我国早期美术片曾取得过辉煌成绩,以至二十世纪七十年代的国际动画界中创立出“中国学派”的声名。由于20世纪90年代的经济制度变革,将以前全部由国家立项并出资制作的动画业推向不成熟的市场化运作。这在一段时期内造成了原创性优秀作品匮乏,制作项目普遍以替他国做项目加工为主,成为世界性的动画产品加工基地。在这个转型时期内,中国动漫业在和世界接触过程中逐渐树立了产业概念,并形成了一定的产业规模,但产业机制不成熟使中国动漫产业链各个环节间得不到紧密配合,甚至大量存在产业链环节缺失的状况。另外我国动漫业的发展还受着市场管理缺陷、民众对动漫的认识偏差等问题的困扰。动漫企业也在缺乏健全的市场机制中表现得急功近利。这些都是造成中国动漫产业整体发展相对缓慢的原因。中国动漫的发展道路很漫长。本文最后主要针对动漫产业中有所欠缺的一些方面,归纳并阐释了借鉴他国经验的一些要点。分别从观念转化、注重原创、企业管理、人才培养、知识产权五个方面进行了论述。转化观念是为了拓展具有市场认知度的动漫题材,以分级制来强化受众群的针对性；注重原创是为了立足本土特色来打造精品、开拓市场,这是一个国家的文化走向世界的前提；企业管理的完善分为对内对外,对内强化流水线式的生产分工,对外调动各种类型的资源展开充分合作,健全产业链的构成；人才是创作的源泉,培养途径分为高校与企业,高校加强具有企划能力人才的培养力度,企业则要利用成熟项目资源进行人才的实践性塑造；保护知识产权是文化性产业得以生存并扩大的必备条件,美日韩的知识产权保障体系为我们提供了良好范本,我国在这方面尚有很长的路要走。中国动漫业正处于一个产业意识已成形,但产业链和产业机制尚不完善的十字路口。中国动漫产业化的道路如何走好,区区一文不能充当指路标,但相信汇集了众多优秀思想和坚实力量的中国动漫业,必将在其产业化道路上拥有无限广阔的前景!
[Abstract]:The animation industry has now become a new industry recognized in the world. In China, this industry has the strong support of the government and economic and technological strength, but because of the late start, many unfavorable factors still exist in the development process. By contrast, the United States and South Korea developed animation industry behind, is worth we stopped to read the tortuous history of industry, and it is worth our consideration. From the mechanism of mature industries
Although for a large scale industry, has achieved rapid development is not easy, but the analysis of the industry chain structure and mechanism of industry characteristics, clear advantages, explore the shortcomings, to promote the development of China's animation industry will have a very positive meaning -- this is the purpose of writing this paper.
Under the guidance of above-mentioned purpose, in time for the development of history throughout the United States and South Korea Animation, and to compare and contrast analysis of the respective characteristics of the animation industry, the era of relevance of industrial development and technology culture. Then focusing status of China's animation industry, the animation industry in China to explore how to learn from the excellent experience of other countries.
The first analysis is the main body of the United States for the industry to Disney animation history and industry. In the early stage of animation film and animation brand image to develop, create a commercial franchise mode to license the image as the core, and thus expand the business form of world theme park creative. After World War II animation industry overall downturn after World War II and Disney animation industry transformation, the United States began from the end of 80s and to establish a technology for the creation of core, the rapid development of commercial operation mode of the combination of the major Studios Hollywood, and relying on this model accounted for ninety percent of the world's animation film market.
Followed by the analysis of the Japanese animation industry development history and the development of Japanese animation is formed. After World War II, and gradually formed a comic for the content source to the TV animation and game development related to expand, the film animation as the highest form of ACG development mode. Although the production level of movie animation is not the enemy the United States, but in the manga TV animation in Japan, has formed its own advantages and so richly endowed by nature, has become an important way for Japanese culture to the world. Japan also take the lead in game development, become an important part of the animation industry.
Again, analysis of the development process of Korean Animation. Korean animation short history, the foundation is relatively weak. According to their own situation, South Korea in learning Japanese beauty, outstanding animation experience at the same time, another shortcut, led by the government to develop the industrial strategy, namely the full development of the digital entertainment industry to network game as the main body. The success of South Korea to develop a unique animation industry development, become the world animation industry the bright younger generation.
Finally, analysis of China's animation industry development history and development. China's early art film has made brilliant achievements, and created the "China school" reputation of the international animation industry in 1970s. Due to the change of economic system in 1990s, the previous all by the national project and funded the animation industry to the market operation mature. This caused a lack of originality outstanding works in a period of time, making the project general project to do processing for his country, become the world's animation products processing base. In this transition period, Chinese animation industry set up the concept of industry and the world gradually in the contact process, and the formation of a certain industry the scale, but the industrial mechanism is not mature Chinese animation industry chain each link between not closely, even the existence of a large number of missing links in the industry chain. The other The development of China's animation industry is also beset by the defects of market management and people's perception of animation. The animation companies also show quick success and instant benefits in the absence of a sound market mechanism. These are the reasons for the slow development of the Chinese animation industry.
The development of road China animation is very long. At the end of this paper focuses on some aspects of the animation industry lacks, summarizes and explains some key points from the experience of other countries. From the concept of transformation, pay attention to the original, enterprise management, personnel training, the five aspects of intellectual property are reviewed in this paper. The transformation idea is to develop with the market awareness of the animation theme, the audience rating system to strengthen the pertinence; focus on the original is to base the local characteristics to build quality, expand the market, this is a prerequisite for national culture to the world; the improvement of enterprise management is divided into internal and external, to strengthen the streamlined production division, mobilize all foreign the type of resources to launch the full cooperation, constitute a sound industrial chain; talent is the source of creation, ways of training is divided into universities and enterprises, colleges and universities to strengthen the planning ability with talents Efforts, enterprises should practice the use of the talents mature project resources shaping; protection of intellectual property rights is the cultural industry to survive and expand the necessary conditions, the United States and South Korea's intellectual property protection system provides a good model for us, there is a long way to go in this aspect in our country.
Chinese animation industry is in an industrial sense has formed, but the industrial chain and industrial mechanism is not perfect at the crossroads. Chinese cartoon industrialization road how to walk, a culture can not act as signposts, but that brings together many excellent ideas and solid strength Chinese animation industry will have broad prospects in the on the road of industrialization!

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：J954

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