相邻吸纳:语言结构创新的一个动因——以现代汉语动补结构的形成为例

发布时间：2017-12-28 04:00

本文关键词：相邻吸纳:语言结构创新的一个动因——以现代汉语动补结构的形成为例　出处：《外语教学》2013年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：现代汉语动补结构源于先秦汉语中的复合S-V-O句法型式,其中一个是描述事件的行为过程的核心式,另一个是描述结果状态的边缘式。在语言发展过程中,由于人类认知规律的制约和语言规约的促动,两式因意义相关、形式紧邻,核心式吸纳了边缘式,融合成形似简单的S-V-O式,使得两式中的动词(或其他形式的谓词)处于句法紧邻位置,最终在相邻吸纳原则的支配下融合,词汇化为一个双音节动词,就形成了现代意义上的动补结构。相邻吸纳的运作不仅见于现代汉语动补结构的形成过程,在其他语法结构的演变和发展过程也随处可见。相邻吸纳原则是人们对世界事物的基本认知规律在语言结构组织活动中的具体体现,是语言结构创新的动因之一。
[Abstract]:The verb complement structure in modern Chinese is derived from the compound S-V-O syntax pattern in pre Qin Chinese, one of which is the core of describing the action process of an event, and the other is the marginal form describing the result state. In the process of language development, due to the restriction of human cognition and language conventions to promote dynamic, close to two because of meaning, form the core type absorbing edge type, S-V-O type forming fusion like simple, the type two verb (predicate or other forms) in the syntactic position close to the final disposal, the principle of buying in the adjacent under fusion, words into a double syllable verb, formed the modern sense of the verb complement structure. The operation of adjacent absorption is not only seen in the formation of modern Chinese dynamic complement structure, but also in the evolution and development of other grammatical structures. The principle of adjacent absorption is the embodiment of the basic cognitive law of world things in the organizational activities of the language structure, and one of the reasons for the innovation of the language structure.
【作者单位】：河南大学外语学院;
【基金】：河南省教育厅人文社科研究项目“语用学研究的心智哲学视角”的阶段性成果,项目编号:2011-JD-022
【分类号】：H146
【正文快照】： 1.引言我们曾在以往的研究(刘辰诞2008a:204-210;刘辰诞2008b:221-244)中提出:语言表达式中,两结构如果在语义上紧密相关并在句法上频繁处于相邻位置,为语言表达的某种需要,会互相吸引最终融为一体,这就是所谓的相邻吸纳原则。例如先秦汉语中不存在现代汉语动补结构这种句式,

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