明代外来词研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 05:19

本文关键词：明代外来词研究　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：外来词是汉语词汇研究的重要元素,二十世纪以来外来词研究取得了诸多类突破性的成就,但是外来词史的研究在历史上处于薄弱地位。本文选取明代外来词为考察对象,以语言接触和语言变异等理论为支撑,采用静态描写与动态分析相结合、定量统计与定性分析相结合、共时描写与历时比较相结合的研究方法,对明代外来词的基本面貌和特点进行描写与分析,力图为外来词史的构建添砖加瓦。全文共分为六部分,各章内容如下：第一部分为绪论。在阐明选题背景和意义的基础上,介绍了明代词汇和外来词的研究状况,着重概述了明代外来词研究的现状；明确了本文研究的理论基础、研究方法以及语料来源；确定了本文对外来词的界定和研究范围。第二部分为明代社会状况。本章宏观地了阐述明代的政治、经济、思想、文化等社会发展状况,重点指出国际交流状况和国内民族之间的融合是明代外来词产生的根源。第三部分为明代外来词的概况。本章主要采用共时描写的方法,从语言来源、输入方式和语义范畴等三个方面系统地展现明代外来词的基本面貌,诸如明代外来词来源达20多种,输入方式分为音译和意译,语义范畴分为七类等。第四部分为明代外来词的特点。本章是在第三章的基础上,对明代外来词的来源、输入方式、语义范畴、语音、词汇和语法等方面进行系统研究,研究得出：明代外来词中,语言来源种类较为丰富,以蒙古语和英语为主,存在一词多源的现象；音译词占优势,但意译与其相差不大；专有名称和科学类的外来词占绝对优势；双音节居多数,名词为主,偏正型较多,有少量动宾型和联合型,出现一词多形,宗教词语常用简称等特点。第五部分为明代外来词的使用与影响。本章采用历时比较法,将明代外来词语料库与《现代汉语词典》(第六版)进行比较,发现外来词身份被保留的词条,主要是宗教类的外来词；而失去外来词身份的词条,进入了汉语词汇系统,但经历了汉语音、形、义的规范改造。明代外来词对后世的影响,具体表现如：新词的增加,符合汉语双音节的发展趋势；促进了不同宗教在中国的传播、中西物质文化生活的来往、中西自然科学的交流。第六部分为结语。本章简述论文的主要内容,并指出本文的创新之处在于对明代外来词语料的系统搜集和深入研究,呈现出较为完整的明代外来词的面貌,在一定程度上充实了断代外来史研究的内容,同时也指出本文研究的局限性。
[Abstract]:Loanword is an important element in the study of Chinese vocabulary. Since 20th century, the study of loanwords has made many kinds of breakthrough achievements. However, the history of loanwords is in a weak position in history. This paper selects loanwords in Ming Dynasty as the object of investigation, supported by the theories of language contact and language variation, and combines static description with dynamic analysis. Combining quantitative statistics with qualitative analysis, synchronic description and diachronic comparison, this paper describes and analyzes the basic features and features of loanwords in Ming Dynasty, and tries to contribute to the construction of loanwords' history. The full text is divided into six parts, the contents of each chapter are as follows: The first part is the introduction. On the basis of clarifying the background and significance of the topic, it introduces the research status of the vocabulary and loanwords in Ming Dynasty, and emphatically summarizes the present situation of the study of loanwords in the Ming Dynasty. The theoretical basis, research methods and data sources of this study are clarified. The definition and research scope of loanwords in this paper are determined. The second part is the social situation of Ming Dynasty. This chapter describes the political, economic, ideological, cultural and other social development of the Ming Dynasty macroscopically. It is pointed out that the foreign words in Ming Dynasty originated from the situation of international communication and the fusion of national groups in China. The third part is the general situation of loanwords in Ming Dynasty. This chapter mainly uses the method of synchronic description to systematically show the basic features of loanwords in Ming Dynasty from three aspects: language source, input mode and semantic category. For example, in the Ming Dynasty, there were more than 20 kinds of loanwords, the input methods were transliteration and free translation, and the semantic categories were divided into seven categories. Based on the third chapter, this chapter makes a systematic study on the origin, input mode, semantic category, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of loanwords in Ming Dynasty. The results show that: in the Ming Dynasty, the varieties of language sources are relatively rich, mainly in Mongolian and English, and there is a phenomenon of multiple sources of one word; Transliteration is dominant, but the free translation is not different from it. The loanwords of special name and scientific category occupy the absolute predominance; The double syllable is the majority, the noun is the main, the positive type is more, there are a few verb-object type and the joint type, the appearance of one word polymorph, religious words commonly used abbreviations and other characteristics. This chapter uses the diachronic comparative method to compare the loan corpus of the Ming Dynasty with the Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th edition) and finds that the loanword identity has been retained. Mainly religious loanwords; The loss of loanword identity into the Chinese vocabulary system, but experienced the Chinese pronunciation, form, meaning of the normative transformation. The impact of the Ming Dynasty loanwords on later generations, such as: the increase in the number of new words. In line with the development trend of Chinese dicyllabic; Promote the spread of different religions in China, the exchange of material and cultural life between China and the West, natural science exchanges between China and the West. Part 6th is the conclusion. This chapter briefly describes the main contents of the thesis, and points out that the innovation of this paper lies in the systematic collection and in-depth study of the loanwords corpus of the Ming Dynasty, showing a relatively complete appearance of the loanwords of the Ming Dynasty. To some extent, it enriches the study of foreign history, and points out the limitations of this study.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H134

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