哥巴文字源考释

发布时间：2018-01-10 04:10

本文关键词：哥巴文字源考释　出处：《华东师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：哥巴文是典型的拼盘文字,其字源纷繁复杂。这种文字现象的出现既有其历史原因也有其现实原因：一历史原因,纳西族是一个人口少、地域小的民族,一直处于汉族、藏族等民族的包围之中,其生存环境是一个多民族多文化的格局。二现实原因,哥巴文的创制工作是不规范的,没有统一标准和约束,东巴们各自为政,造成文字不同源的现象。对哥巴文进行字源考释是哥巴文研究的重要内容,也有利于推动纳西族不同文字系统之间关系研究的发展。本文是以方国瑜、和志武的《纳西标音文字简谱》；李霖灿编著,和才读音,张琨记音的《麽些标音文字字典》；洛克的《纳西语英语汉语语汇》(上卷)这三本字典所收录的哥巴文字形为主要研究对象,另外,加入《求取占卜经》和《迎请精如神》中的部分哥巴文字符。在此基础上,运用比较法、溯源法、推理法、形义分析法、部件分析法、音义联系法和民俗文化联系法等对每个哥巴文字符的字源进行考释,对之前学者考释的成果进行校、订,共得出2733个哥巴文字符的字源,并在此基础上,探讨相关的理论问题,得出以下几方面的结论：一、通过对哥巴文研究史的细致分析,我们发现解放前和解放初期,对于哥巴文的系统研究较少,其内容主要集中于对哥巴文经书的收集、整理,字典、字谱的编纂,以及对哥巴文创制时间的讨论。八十年代后,前辈时贤在哥巴文已有文献的基础上对哥巴文展开系统性研究,探索哥巴文的性质,考释哥巴文的字源,取得了丰硕的成果,但仍存在不少问题。二、哥巴文是一种典型的拼盘文字,既有自造字,也有大量借自其他民族的文字。就目前研究所得,哥巴文引进字符数最多的当属东巴文。我们经研究得出2733个哥巴文字符的字源,其中借自东巴文的字符有1166个,约占42.66%；源自汉字者744例,约占27.22%;由藏文字母所派生的哥巴文字符201例,约占7.35%；自造字或疑为自造字者513,约占18.77%。另外,组合式字符109例,约占3.99%。三、从文字的引进方式来看,哥巴文引进东巴文、汉字和藏文的方式是多样的,借字与源字之间在形、音、义三方面存在复杂的关系,我们将其分为四类：形、音、义全借；借形、义,不借音；借形、音,不借义；只借形。四、受东巴文、汉字结构方式的的影响,哥巴文中既有采用象形、指事、会意、形声、假借造字的情况,又有大量的变形字、附加字、派生字。五、在符号体态方面,哥巴文字符的符号化程度、简化程度较源文字更高并且具有规范化的趋势；哥巴文的形体的量的规格化水平比较高,是比较规整的。我们从两个方面进行了分析：一,哥巴文字符的长宽比例相对统一。但也有个别字符的长宽比例差距较大,最者相差约10倍。二,哥巴文字形的大小比较一致。六、哥巴文成为拼盘文字并不是偶然发生的,这种现象的出现有促其产生的必然因素：历史因素、地理因素、文化因素。七、哥巴文中的g∧31ba31ku33tur55tur33当命名为“字缀”,其特点：一种哥巴文造字过程中的缀加成分,不具备形与音义相统一的特点,基本上不能够单独构字。大多数此类符号以点、线、块的简单形态附加于其他符号上,起区别字形、或装饰、或别音义的作用。其形成原因有：受文字性质的制约、造字心理和美观要求三方面。其存在意义既有初时的别形、别音、美观的积极作用,也有后来的异体字过多造成记忆和使用不便的消极作用。
[Abstract]:The reason of this phenomenon is that Naxi is a minority nationality which is small in population and small in geography . It is a multi - ethnic and multi - cultural pattern . On the basis of this , we use comparison method , tracing method , inference method , formal analysis method , component analysis method , sound communication method and folk culture connection method to study the characters of each goba character . First , through the careful analysis of the history of the study of Coppa , we find that the systematic study of Coppa language is relatively small before liberation and early liberation , and its contents are mainly focused on the compilation of the collection , arrangement , dictionary , and the compilation of the book , as well as the discussion about the creation time of Coppa . In this paper , we have obtained 2733 characters from Dongba , which account for 27.22 % . The characters derived from Dongba characters include 201 cases , about 7.35 % , self - made or suspected self - creator 513 , accounting for 18.77 % . In addition , 109 cases of combined characters , about 3.99 % . Thirdly , from the introduction of words , the way of introducing Dongba text , Chinese character and Tibetan language is diverse , there are complex relations between borrowing word and source word in shape , sound and meaning . Fourthly , it is influenced by the style of Dongba text and Chinese character structure , but there are many kinds of deformation characters , additional words and derived words . 5 . In the aspect of symbol posture , the symbolic degree of the Gob character is more simplified than the source text and has a normalization trend ; the normalization level of the shape of the goba text is relatively high , and it is quite regular . 6 . Gombun ' s becoming a puzzle is not an accident , and the appearance of this phenomenon has the inevitable factor of promoting it : historical factors , geography factors and cultural factors . 7 . The character of g - 31ba31ku33tur55tur33 in goba ' s text is named as " affix " . It is characterized by that it does not have the characteristics of unity of shape and sound due to the unity of shape and sound . Most of these symbols are attached to other symbols by the simple form of dot , line and block .

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H257

【参考文献】