现代汉语揣测语气副词“别是”的多维研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 22:57

本文关键词： 语法研究揣测语气副词“别是” 句法特征语义分析语用功能　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以现代汉语揣测语气副词“别是”作为研究对象，运用语言学相关理论和研究方法，结合语料事实，对“别是”的句法、语义、语用、词汇化来源及其与同类词“莫”系词的对比研究进行了全面、多角度考察与分析，以期对“别是”有更为全面深入的认知。在句法方面，探讨了“别是”的句法分布与句类分布。首先，“别是”的句法分布具有灵活性，，可以在句首、句中，重点考察了“别是”在宾语小句中的分布情况，认为这种分布现象与谓宾动词VP1的去范畴化和“别是”宾语小句自身具有事件性、评注性的功能密切相关；此外，在一定的语言环境中，副语言、直接引语，也是语言主观性的一种体现，是言者在话语中留下的“自我”表现成分，它们与谓宾动词、“别是”小句的互相配合使用，能够显化言者的主观视角，并增强“别是”宾语小句的揣度语气。另外，“别是”主要出现在疑问句、陈述句中，少数情况下，可以分布在感叹句中。从语义特征、语义背景、语义辖域三个方面对“别是”语义特点进行了分析。归纳出“别是”具有自然性、附属性、组合性的语义特征；建构了“别是”出现的四类语义模式；此外，不管是句首还是句中副词“别是”，其语义辖域都应该是整个命题。 “别是”语用功能具有丰富性，主要包括情态功能、人际功能及篇章衔接功能三个方面。情态功能又表现在三个方面：表示否定性意愿、传达婉转、深究情态。人际功能主要体现在标记揣度问和减缓语势两个方面；篇章衔接功能主要体现在关联前后语段成并列语义关系和因果语义关系。 “别是”词汇化是汉语史中比较晚近的事，出现在清代。依据词法模式理论，认为“别是”受近代汉语中能产型副词性词法模式“F是”的影响而产生，是后缀“是”附着于副词词根“别”构成的一个后附式合成词，并结合前人已有研究，试提出“是”为副词词缀的三个条件：(1)“F”表示语义类别和语法类别；(2)“F是”中“是”不能单独成词，没有实在的意义，位置具有固定性，紧密地后附于词根“F”，构成一个附加式合成副词；(3)“是”能后附于不同的词根“F”，构成副词，且能够具有较强的构词能力，构成词的数目在十个以上。从共时同类词对比研究角度，归纳出“别”系词与“莫”系词在后续句特征，与其他语气成分共现，与其他副词共现存在的异同。
[Abstract]:Based on the modern Chinese conjectural mood adverb "Beitai" as the object of study, using linguistic theories and research methods, combined with the facts of the corpus, this paper deals with the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of "Beisai". The source of lexicalization and its contrastive study with the similar word "Mo" have been comprehensively investigated and analyzed from various angles in order to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the word "different". In the aspect of syntax, this paper discusses the syntactic distribution and sentence type distribution. Firstly, the syntactic distribution is flexible and can be found at the beginning and in the sentence. This paper mainly studies the distribution of "different" in object clauses, and concludes that this phenomenon is closely related to the decategorization of the predicate verb VP1 and the function of the "special" object clause in its own event and commentary. In addition, in a certain language environment, paralanguage, direct quotation, is also a reflection of language subjectivity, is the speaker in the discourse left in the "self" performance elements, they and the predicate verb. The combined use of "don't be" clauses can manifest the subjective perspective of the speaker and enhance the conjecture of the "don't be" clause. In addition, "don't be" mainly appears in interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, and in a few cases. It can be distributed in exclamatory sentences. This paper analyzes the semantic characteristics of "different is" from three aspects: semantic feature, semantic background and semantic domain. It constructs four kinds of semantic patterns of the appearance of "different is"; In addition, the semantic domain of the adverb "don't be" should be the whole proposition, regardless of whether it is the beginning of the sentence or the adverb in the sentence. The pragmatic functions are rich, including modal function, interpersonal function and textual cohesion function. Modal function is manifested in three aspects: expressing negative will and communicating politely. The interpersonal function is mainly embodied in the two aspects of marker-guessing and slowing down the situation; The function of textual cohesion is mainly embodied in the semantic and causal relations before and after relevance. According to the theory of lexical pattern, it is thought that the lexicalization is influenced by the lexical pattern "F is" which can produce adverbs in modern Chinese. Is a suffix "is" attached to the adverb root "different" form of a compound word, and combined with previous studies. It is put forward that "is" is the three conditions of affix of adverb: "F" means semantic category and grammatical category; (2) "F is" is "can not be a single word, no real meaning, the position has fixed, closely attached to the root" F ", constitute an additional compound adverb; "" is "can be attached to different roots" "F", forming adverbs, and can have a strong ability of word-formation, the number of words constitute more than ten. From the perspective of the comparative study of synchronic and similar words, this paper sums up the similarities and differences between "different" words and "Mo" words in the following sentences, coexisting with other mood elements and co-existing with other adverbs.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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