“X什么X”的结构性质新探

发布时间：2018-01-29 10:09

本文关键词： 汉语结构 “X什么X” 结构性质 “索引-否定”　出处：《中南大学学报(社会科学版)》2011年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：口语中的"X什么X",是一种特殊的否定结构,X几乎可以由各种语言形式充当。学术界一直对其结构性质有争议,现有的句法理论也很难为其结构定性,而结合语言和思维的关系,从逻辑角度,提出"索引?否定"理论可以解决这一问题。据研究,人们在使用"X什么X"时,必先"索引"否定对象,后将其置于该结构中表达否定意图,"X什么X"是"索引-否定"结构,其下有三个小类:"X1什么X1""什么X2"和"X3什么X4(X3X4)",它们在使用范围上互补。"索引"有指向否定对象的作用,根据"索引"位置的不同,该结构表层有两种形式:1."X+什么X",即"索引+否定";2."X什么+X",即"否定+索引",三个小类分别与这两种形式对应。
[Abstract]:In spoken English, "X what X" is a special negative structure which can almost be used by various language forms. The academic circles have always disputed the nature of its structure, and it is difficult for existing syntactic theories to characterize its structure. Combining the relationship between language and thinking, this paper puts forward an index from a logical point of view. The theory of negation can solve this problem. According to the research, when people use "X what X", they must "index" the negative object first, then put it in the structure to express the negative intention. "X what X" is an index-negative structure that falls under three subcategories: "X1 what X1" "what X2" and "X3 what X4 X3X4)". They complement each other in the scope of use. "Index" has the function of pointing to the negative object. According to the different position of "index", there are two forms on the surface of the structure: "X what X", that is, "index negation"; 2. "X what X", or "negative index", corresponds to each of these two forms.
【作者单位】：广西大学文学院;
【分类号】：H146
【正文快照】： “X什么X”是口语中常用的否定句式。如“吵什么吵”“疼什么疼”“累什么累”等,史有为第一次将它们概括为“X什么X”,认为第二个X是“追补成分”,“什么”是虚宾语,只起到表示整个格式是禁止否定的意思[1]。齐沪扬称该结构为“追加句”,认为第二个X是“追加成分”[2]。朱军

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