基于CP与DP平行性的“的”字结构再分析

发布时间：2018-02-02 13:59

本文关键词： “的”字结构标句词限定语平行性　出处：《北京第二外国语学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代汉语中,“的”字结构是一种使用频率较高的短语结构,但其句法地位一直存有争议。争议的焦点主要涵盖三个问题。第一,“的”的性质问题；第二,“的”字结构的中心语问题；第三,诸如“NP的VP”、“XP的”和“NP1的NP2”的结构问题。这也正是本文要致力研究的问题。传统语法以布龙菲尔德(1933)的向心结构理论为基础,倾向于把“的”字结构分析为偏正结构(如“XP的YP”)或者离心结构(如“XP的”)。与此不同,本文遵循生成语法的做法,把“的”分析为功能中心语。在生成语法框架下,前人的研究主要分为两派。一为标句词说(CP),“的”充当标句词(Complementizer／C)；二为限定语说(DP),“的”被视为限定语(Determiner／D).本文却力图从理论和实际语料两方面证明CP与DP的平行性,从而探讨“的”既可以为标句词(C),又可以作限定语(D)的规律。从理论上来说,一方面,句子(CP)和名词短语(DP)在句法分布和内在结构方面都存在相似性；另一方面,根据句法和语用的接口效应,句子结构和名词短语的结构各自分别存在论元层和语用层两个层次(司富珍,2011)。这两方面从理论角度证明了CP与DP平行的可能性。在实际语料方面,由于“的”常被认为是古汉语“之”语法化的结果,本文试图提供一些“之”由限定语发展到标句词的佐证。另外我们注意到,汉语的“是”、英语的‘'that"也呈现出同时具有限定语和标句词特性的特点。由此可证,“的”既可以是标句词,也可以是限定语,它同时具有标句词和限定语的特性。本文认为,CP描述的是事件,具有断言性和动态性；而DP描述的是事物,具有指称性和限定性。具体来说,当“的”字结构表示断言时,“的”充当标句词(C)；而当其表示指称时,“的”充当限定语(D)。这是本文的重要观点,以此为“的”字结构提供一个更灵活、更合理的分析。本文选取了“NP的VP"、"XP的”和“NP1的NP2”三类典型结构进行分析。基本的分析方法是关系从句的两种经典分析方法,即把“的”字结构看作关系从句,以C或D为中心。当“的”为标句词(C)时,采用的是附加语法；当“的”为限定语(D)时,则选择提升法。本文旨在从结构上解释这三类结构的争议之处。研究主要表明三点：一,在诸如“这本书的出版”这类“NP的VP”结构中,VP既具有名词性质,又保留了动词特性,这点可通过其结构中n和V的同现来证明。二,“XP的”的结构中具有一个空位,这点与之前的“省略说”吻合。三,“NP.的NP2”的经典范例“木头的房子”是个歧义结构。一方面,它意为“那所木头的房子”；另一方面,它又可以理解为“房子是木头做的”。前者表指称,后者表断言,这种歧义性可通过CP和DP之间的平行性来理解。这种平行性还普遍体现在其他“的”字结构当中,如“他买的书”、“红的花”等。综上所述,本文致力于在CP和DP平行性的基础上对“的”字结构进行再分析,希望能从一个新的角度对“的”字结构的研究有所启示。本文的研究既具有理论意义,又具有实践意义。从理论上来说,主要是满足普遍语法所追求的对同一语言现象的统一解释。其实践意义主要体现在对外汉语有关“的”字结构的教学中。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, "de" structure is a frequently used phrase structure, but its syntactic position has been controversial. The controversy mainly covers three problems. First, the "nature"; second, "center word problem" structure; third, such as "NP VP", "XP structure" and "NP1 NP2". This is also the focus of the problem.
Traditional grammar to Bloomfield (1933) centripetal structure theory, tend to the "de" structure analysis for partial structure (such as "XP YP") or centrifugal structure (such as "XP"). In contrast, this paper follows the generative grammar approach, "" analysis function the center of language. In the framework of generative grammar, the previous study is mainly divided into two factions. As a complementizer (CP) said, "as a complementizer (Complementizer / C); the qualification (DP)," said "is regarded as a qualifier (Determiner / D). This is trying to prove the parallel CP and DP from two aspects of theory and actual data, so as to explore the" can not only be used as a complementizer (C), and can be used as attributive limit (D) rule.
Theoretically speaking, on the one hand, the sentence (CP) and noun phrases (DP) similarity exists in the syntactic distribution and internal structure; on the other hand, according to the interface effect of syntactic and pragmatic structure, sentence structure and noun phrases respectively are two levels of meta level and pragmatic level (Si Fuzhen. 2011). These two aspects proved that CP and DP parallel possibilities from the theoretical point of view. In the actual data, due to the "" is often referred to as "ancient Chinese" grammaticalization results, this paper attempts to provide some evidence of "the" word standard by limiting attributive. In addition to our notice, the Chinese "is" English "'that" is also showing also has the characteristics of qualification and complementizer characteristics. Thus, "" could be the complementizer, can also be defined language, it also has the characteristics of the complementizer and qualifier.
This paper argues that CP describes the event, has asserted and dynamic; while DP is describing things, with reference and limitation. Specifically, when "de structure" said an assertion, "as a complementizer (C); and when the said allegations," "as the attribute (D). This is an important point of this article, as the" de "structure provides a more flexible, more reasonable.
This paper selects the "NP VP", "XP analysis" and "NP1 NP2" three kinds of typical structure. The basic analysis method is the analysis of two classical methods of relative clauses, namely word structure as relative clause ", with C or D as the center." when the "subject sentence the word (C), using the additional grammar; when the" limited attribute (D), is the choice to ascend.
This paper aims to explain the three kinds of structure of the dispute. The structure of research mainly show three points: first, such as "the book", this kind of "NP VP" structure, VP not only has the noun properties, but also retains the characteristics that can prove the verb, by N and V with its structure in two, "with a space structure XP", and this "omission" before the agreement. Three, "NP. NP2" classic example "wood house" is an ambiguous structure. On the one hand, it means "the wood house"; on the other hand again, it can be understood as "the house is made of wood. The former refers to the table, table that the ambiguity can be parallel between the CP and DP to understand. This is generally reflected in the parallel structure of the word" other ", such as" he bought the book "," red flower ".
In summary, this paper focuses on the basis of CP and DP in parallel on the "de" structure analysis, hope to enlightenment of the "de" structure from a new perspective. This study has theoretical significance and practical significance. Theoretically, mainly to meet the the pursuit of universal grammar for the same language phenomenon. Unified interpretation of its practical significance is mainly reflected in the "foreign language" structure teaching.

【学位授予单位】：北京第二外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】