汉语句子理解中的平行结构效应

发布时间：2018-02-03 08:17

本文关键词： 平行结构平行效应并列句连动句　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：句子理解中，当两个分句或短语具有相同结构并承担相同的句法角色时，我们称之为平行结构。1984年Frazier等人通过对英语句子中平行结构（parallel structure）的研究发现了平行效应（parallelism effects），平行效应是指读者阅读平行结构时，前一成分的加工会促进后一成分的加工。平行结构广泛地存在于各种语言中，那么汉语句子理解中是否存在平行效应呢？本研究以汉语句子为实验材料，探索汉语句子理解中，平行结构的加工中是否存在平行效应。本研究包括两个部分：汉语并列句中平行结构的加工和汉语连动句中平行结构的加工。第一部分考察汉语并列句中平行结构的加工特点。该实验用以“和”为连接的并列句为实验材料，“和”连接两个并列成分，通过变换“和”字前面的成分的结构改变并列的两个成分之间的关系。为了考察平行结构加工过程中是否出现平行效应，实验中两个并列成分首先存在“平行”和“不平行”两种关系。除此之外，本实验还增加了一种“近似平行”的关系，以便考察平行效应是否会出现在近似的平行结构中。结果显示：平行关系下，兴趣区内的阅读时间短于非平行关系。第二部分考察汉语连动句中平行结构的加工特点。平行结构不仅存在于并列句中，而且还存在于汉语的连动句中，那么平行效应是否存在于除了并列句以外的其他句式中呢？以往研究对于这个问题存在着很大的分歧。鉴于此，本实验以汉语句子中的连动句为实验材料，通过变换连动句中第一个动词后面的成分，使其与第二个动词后面的成分形成三种关系（平行、近似平行、不平行），以此来考察连动句中的平行结构的加工是否会产生平行效应。结果显示：三种类型下，兴趣区内的各种眼动指标并没有明显的差别。本研究得出以下结论：（1）汉语句子理解中存在平行效应。结构的平行有效的增加了平行结构中第二个成分的句法信息，降低了由第二个成分引起的记忆负担，从而释放了加工资源，促进了加工，，因此阅读速度变快了。（2）汉语连动句子理解中不存在平行效应。平行效应对句式有依赖，只存在于特殊的句式中，比如并列句，这种效应并不是一种特殊的句法启动效应。
[Abstract]:In sentence comprehension, when two clauses or phrases have the same structure and assume the same syntactic role. In 1984, Frazier et al discovered the parallel effect by studying parallel structure in English sentences. Parallelism effects. Parallel effect means that when the reader reads the parallel structure, the trade union of the first component promotes the processing of the latter component. Parallel structure widely exists in various languages, so is there a parallel effect in Chinese sentence understanding? In this study, Chinese sentences are used as experimental materials to explore the understanding of Chinese sentences. This study consists of two parts: the processing of parallel structures in Chinese compound sentences and the processing of parallel structures in Chinese conjunctive sentences. In the first part, we investigate the processing characteristics of parallel structures in Chinese compound sentences. In this experiment, we use "and" as the experimental materials, and "connect" with two parallel components. By transforming the structure of the components in front of the word "and" to change the relationship between the two parallel components. In order to investigate whether parallel effects occur in the processing of parallel structures. There are two kinds of relations between "parallel" and "non-parallel" in the experiment. In addition, this experiment also adds a kind of "approximate parallelism" relationship. The results show that the reading time in the region of interest is shorter than that in the non-parallel relationship. The second part examines the processing characteristics of parallel structures in Chinese sentences. Parallel structures not only exist in complex sentences, but also in Chinese sentences. So does the parallel effect exist in other sentence patterns besides complex sentences? In view of this, this experiment uses the Chinese sentences as the experimental materials, by changing the elements after the first verb in the sentence. Make it form three kinds of relations (parallel, approximate parallel, not parallel) with the composition after the second verb. The results show that there is no significant difference in the eye movement index in the region of interest under the three types. This study draws the following conclusions: The parallel effect of the structure increases the syntactic information of the second component in the parallel structure and reduces the memory burden caused by the second component. Thus, the processing resources are released and the processing is promoted, so the speed of reading becomes faster. (2) there is no parallel effect in Chinese sentence comprehension. Parallel effect is dependent on sentence pattern and exists only in special sentence structure, such as compound sentence. This effect is not a special syntactic priming effect.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

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