汉语助词“了”是事态标记

发布时间：2018-02-11 03:47

本文关键词： “了” 事时位时体事态　出处：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语助词“了”一般被视为时体标记（aspect marker），但具体定为何种时体学界仍有很大争议。实际上，时体范畴本身就是一个非常含混的概念，它与相邻概念的界限很不清晰。本文以“事（eventuality）”的概念为起点，通过与“物”的对比，确定了它可能存在的五个语义范畴。我们认为，时位和时体都是事的特征，而不是动词的特征。与通行的做法不同，我们仔细区分了事类、事的数量和度量、事的阶段和事的时位，把它们从宽泛的时体范畴中剥离了出来。所谓的“词汇体”、“反复体”、“短时体”、“阶段体”、“完成体（perfect）”等，在这个系统中都有了新的归属。在这些区分的基础上，我们否定了“了”是时位标记或时体标记的看法，提出了一个新的范畴，即“事态”，并把现代汉语助词“着、了、过”分别定为方然态、已然态、曾然态的标记。最后，我们分析了事态范畴与时位范畴的联系。时位实际上就是事在时间上的位置。任何语言都需要表达事在时间上的定位。汉语没有专门表达时位的语法范畴，汉语的时位是在事态助词和语用推理的协助下通过词汇手段表达的。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, the auxiliary word "has" been generally regarded as a aspect marker, but there is still a great deal of controversy in the field of stylistics. In fact, the category of tense and aspect itself is a very vague concept. The boundary between it and the adjacent concept is not clear. This paper starts with the concept of "eventuality" and, by comparing it with" thing ", determines five semantic categories of its possible existence. We think that both temporal and temporal aspects are the characteristics of events. Rather than the characteristics of verbs. Unlike the usual practice, we carefully distinguish between the categories of events, the number and measure of events, the stages and timing of events, The so-called lexical aspect, the repetition aspect, the short term aspect, the stage aspect, the perfect aspect, etc., all have new attribution in this system. On the basis of these distinctions, We negate the view that "Shi" is a time position marker or a tense aspect marker, and propose a new category, that is, "state of affairs", and make the auxiliary words "Zhe, Zhe, Guo" in modern Chinese as signs of square state, already state, and former state, respectively. We have analyzed the relationship between the category of state of affairs and the category of temporal position. The temporal position is actually the position of the matter in time. Any language needs to express the position of the matter in time. There is no grammatical category that specifically expresses the temporal position in Chinese. The tense of Chinese is expressed by lexical means with the help of state auxiliary and pragmatic reasoning.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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